Disease relevance of Pinus

• High-level expression of Pinus sylvestris glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli. Production of polyclonal antibodies against the recombinant protein and expression studies in pine seedlings [1].
• We have previously shown that PC6, a natural product extracted from cones of Pinus parviflora Sieb et Zucc, can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in CD4+ T cells and in monocyte/macrophage cell lines [2].
• Procyanidin fractions from pine (Pinus pinaster) bark: radical scavenging power in solution, antioxidant activity in emulsion, and antiproliferative effect in melanoma cells [3].
• When diet was combined with Pinus maritima treatment, both retinal glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities increased, suggesting that a low-carbohydrate diet plus Pinus maritima may be an effective antioxidant and antihyperglycemic therapy, reducing the risk of diabetic retinopathy and cataract formation [4].
• Production of cytokinin-like substances by mycorrhizal fungi of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in cultures with and without metabolites of actinomycetes [5].

High impact information on Pinus

• Novel lignin is formed in a mutant loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) severely depleted in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.195), which converts coniferaldehyde to coniferyl alcohol, the primary lignin precursor in pines [6].
• We report here the first cloning of a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) xylem cDNA encoding a multifunctional enzyme, SAM:hydroxycinnamic Acids/hydroxycinnamoyl CoA Esters OMT (AEOMT) [7].
• A chloroplast (cp) SSR was identified in three pine species (Pinus contorta, Pinus sylvestris, and Pinus thunbergii) 312 bp upstream of the psbA gene [8].
• Samples taken from throughout the ranges of distribution of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were assayed for Sal I and Sst I chloroplast DNA restriction fragment variation [9].
• Transcriptional profiling of the phenylpropanoid pathway in Pinus taeda cell suspension cultures was carried out using quantitative real time PCR analyses of all known genes involved in the biosynthesis of the two monolignols, p-coumaryl and coniferyl alcohols (lignin/lignan precursors) [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pinus

• The generation and accumulation of both benzoic acid (BA) and its conjugates were induced in suspension cultured cells of Pinus thunbergii by administering either phenylacetic acid (PA), a toxic metabolite of Bacillus cereus (strain HY-3) accompanying the pine wood nematode, or a lyophilized culture supernatant of this bacterium [11].

Biological context of Pinus

• Nucleotide sequence of a full length cDNA clone of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene from green dark-grown pine (Pinus tunbergii) seedling [12].
• In order to investigate the gene expression pattern during adventitious root development, RNA of Pinus contorta hypocotyls, pulse-treated with the auxin indole-3-butyric acid and harvested at distinct developmental time points of root development, was hybridized to microarrays containing 2,178 cDNAs from Pinus taeda [13].
• Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) homeostasis was investigated during seed germination and early seedling growth in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) [14].
• Stilbene synthase cDNAs were isolated from a pine (Pinus sylvestris) cDNA library [15].
• Pycnogenol (PYC), a patented combination of bioflavonoids extracted from the bark of French maritime pine (Pinus maritima), inhibits apoptosis and necrosis of developing neurons exposed acutely to ethanol (EtOH) [16].

Anatomical context of Pinus

• In order to examine if the putative GA-response element found in the GS1b promoter could function in the regulation of GS1b expression, a series of deletions of the upstream gene region were fused to the uidA reporter gene, and transient expression analyzed either in untreated or in GA3-treated pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) protoplasts [17].
• Xylose-rich polysaccharides from the primary walls of embryogenic cell line of Pinus caribaea [18].

Associations of Pinus with chemical compounds

• A cell-free extract from the xylem of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) catalyzes the conversion of [1-3H1]geranyl pyrophosphate to a variety of monoterpene olefins found in lodgepole pine oleoresin [19].
• Multisite inhibition of Pinus pinea isocitrate lyase by phosphate [20].
• Electron spin resonance study of free radicals formed from a procyanidin-rich pine (Pinus maritima) bark extract, pycnogenol [21].
• To gain new insight into the regulation of this process, micro-analytical techniques were used to visualize the distribution of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), soluble carbohydrates, and activities of sucrose (Suc)-metabolizing enzymes across the cambial region tissues in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) [22].
• Ferulic acid excretion as a marker of consumption of a French maritime pine (Pinus maritima) bark extract [23].

Gene context of Pinus

• Identification and expression of the chloroplast clpP gene in the conifer Pinus contorta [24].
• Two S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAMS) cDNAs, PcSAMS1 and PcSAMS2, have been identified in Pinus contorta [25].
• Pinus pinaster oil affects lipoprotein metabolism in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice [26].
• We have identified LB-AUT7, a gene differentially expressed 6 h after ectomycorrhizal interaction between Laccaria bicolor and Pinus resinosa [27].
• The gymnosperm Pinus sylvestris is an exception in that it is known to express a gene encoding a transit peptide-bearing GapC-like subunit that is imported into chloroplasts (GapCp), but the enzymatic properties of this novel GAPDH have not been described from any source [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pinus

• Molecular cloning and functional expression of a stress-induced multifunctional O-methyltransferase with pinosylvin methyltransferase activity from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) [29].
• The main component presents in the epicuticular waxes of needles of Pinus halepensis and the most of conifers, the secondary alcohol nonacosan-10-ol, has been investigated by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry [30].
• Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. xPopulus nigra L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) plants were used in an 8-week greenhouse bioassay to evaluate the mycorrhizal inoculum potential of CT [31].

References