High impact information on Paternity

• Dispute surfaces over paternity of RU 486 [1].
• Paternity was examined with probes for five polymorphic loci on the Y chromosome, for the pseudo beta-globin locus on chromosome 11 and by Jeffreys's hypervariable probes [2].
• An analysis was made of 1,393 paternity cases typed uniformly for HLA-A and -B, ABO, Rh, and MNSs, in which the mother named one man only as the child's father and in which both mother and putative father identified themselves as Caucasian [3].
• We have examined the strategic aspects of using RFLPs for paternity analysis, comparing the efficacy and cost of a multimarker haplotypic set with those of a comparable set of unlinked RFLPs, using published frequencies for the beta-globin complex, the serum albumin region, and the growth hormone region [4].
• Their proposed "new method" of calculating a posterior probability is based on the use of a less informative likelihood ratio 1/(1-PE) instead of Gürtler's fully informative paternity index X/Y (Acta Med Leg Soc Liege 9:83-93, 1956), but is otherwise identical to the Bayesian approach originally introduced by Essen-Möller in 1938 [5].

Biological context of Paternity

• Paternity was established by the pedigree analysis of hypervariable 'minisatellite' DNA polymorphisms and the most probable explanation of the recombination event is a crossover between the psi beta globin gene and the beta globin gene [6].
• We report here a case in which two apparent exclusions of paternity were obtained (at the loci FESFPS and TPOX), from a total of nineteen loci examined (short tandem repeats, AMFLPs, DQA1, Polymarkers) [7].
• Genetic polymorphisms of seven human lymphocyte proteins, analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, were evaluated in respect to their suitability for paternity testing [8].
• The group specific component/vitamin D binding protein (GC/DBP) system in the analysis of disputed paternities [9].
• In the other case, it was necessary to postulate the presence of a rare haplotype, MSu, in the MNS blood group system to explain paternity [10].

Anatomical context of Paternity

• The father had a Y chromosome of average size and paternity was established wih a plausibility of 97.7% by HLA and erythrocyte antigen typing [11].

Associations of Paternity with chemical compounds

• Typing for A2 and O2 by diagnostic restriction enzyme digestion is a sensitive, nonradioactive assay that provides a convenient method useful for forensic and paternity testing and for clarifying anomalous serological results [12].
• In the present study, we present a genetic likelihood-based iterative procedure for fractional allocation of paternity within a progeny pool and apply this method to a population of Chamaelirium luteum, a dioecious member of the Liliaceae [13].
• Immunosuppressive regimens were reported for 37 paternities; drug protocols at the time of conception were as follows: 25 (60%) CsA/prednisone/AZA, 6 (14%) CsA/prednisone, 4 (10%) CsA/AZA, and 2 (5%) AZA/prednisone [14].
• How well do mating frequency and duration predict paternity success in the polygynandrous water strider Aquarius remigis [15]?
• We compared second male paternity success (P2) between females exposed to carbon dioxide (CO2) and control females kept in air, in both cases for 30 min between two matings [16].

Gene context of Paternity

• Subsequent molecular analyses excluded the germinal MSH2 344delA alteration identified in their son and at the same time paternity was confirmed with a set of informative polymorphic markers [17].
• During routine paternity testing an apparent maternal exclusion was suggested by the PGM1 enzyme system (mother PGM1 1, child PGM1 2) and by the Duffy system (mother Fy(a-b+), child Fy(a+b-] [18].
• With the TF system 36 accused men, and with the PI system 54 were excluded from paternity from a total of 344 (TF) respectively 347 (PI) cases [19].
• The data presented here suggest that HP subtypes provide a useful genetic marker for population studies and paternity testing [20].
• Properdin factor B (glycine-rich beta-glycoprotein or C3 proactivator)-polymorphism: genetic and biochemical aspects. First application to paternity cases [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Paternity

• Haptoglobin subtype determination by isoelectric focusing in agarose gel: application to paternity testing and presentation of a new alpha 2-variant [22].
• The information obtained for loci D1S117, D6S89, D11S35, APOC2, and D21S168, provides a basis for their use for DNA typing and paternity analysis in the Spanish population [23].
• Using two techniques for red cell PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase) phenotyping, namely starch gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focussing, a parallel study has been carried out in 95 paternity cases [24].
• HLA typing of amniotic cells is, however, the only available procedure for prenatal diagnosis of C4 deficiency and it is the best available procedure for prenatal determination of paternity [25].
• The ABO system is one of the major blood groups that have significant impact on blood transfusion and paternity testing [26].

References