Disease relevance of Blood Transfusion

• A 59-year-old man with severe hypertriglyceridemia and no post-heparin lipolytic activity was studied because of a marked fall in plasma triglyceride concentrations after a blood transfusion [1].
• These studies show that body-iron stores can be substantially reduced, to normal or near normal levels, by long-term subcutaneous desferrioxamine in patients with transfusional iron overload despite the need for continued blood-transfusion [2].
• This study was designed to evaluate the hemodynamic response to vasopressin infusion during hemorrhage and blood transfusion in a rat model of portal hypertension [3].
• Most Japanese physicians would recommend blood transfusions for gastrointestinal bleeding (74%), total parenteral nutrition for malnutrition (67%), and vasopressors for life-threatening hypotension (61%) when the patient did not know of his diagnosis and outlook [4].
• Interrelationship of blood transfusion, non-A, non-B hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis by detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus [5].

Psychiatry related information on Blood Transfusion

• We report here two cases of Saudi patients who acquired chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum locally, without any history of foreign travel, blood transfusion, or drug abuse [6].
• Intravenous drug abuse, sex with prostitutes, homosexuality, and blood transfusion were not reported [7].
• These factors include thyroidectomy, hypoparathyroidism, hypomagnesemia, anticonvulsant therapy, estrogen replacement therapy, oral contraceptives, blood transfusions, hyperventilation alkalosis, hypoalbuminemia, corticosteroid therapy, depression, emotional stress and diet [8].
• H-FABP detection could therefore be helpful as a blood screening test for a pre-mortem diagnosis of the disease and also to prevent the risk of iatrogenic transmission of CJD through blood transfusion [9].
• Recent increase of HCC in alcoholic cirrhosis in Japan may be related to the increase of alcohol consumption, the increase of blood transfusions, and longer survival of cirrhosis patients [10].

High impact information on Blood Transfusion

• The patients in the vapreotide group received significantly fewer blood transfusions (2.0+/-2.2 vs. 2.8+/-2.8 units, P=0.04) [11].
• Anemia of prematurity is characterized by low reticulocyte counts and inadequate erythropoietin response, for which many very-low-birth-weight infants receive multiple blood transfusions [12].
• HLA-A-matched and HLA-B-matched blood transfusions do not improve kidney allograft survival [13].
• Appearance of beta globin synthesis in erythroid cells of Ferrara beta -o-thalassaemic patients following blood transfusion [14].
• The proportion of patients with a history of blood transfusion declined from 17% to 6%, but the proportion with a history of parenteral drug use increased from 21% to 42% [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Blood Transfusion

• Deferasirox (ICL670) is a once-daily oral iron chelator developed for the treatment of chronic iron overload from blood transfusions [16].
• The following were associated with a significantly higher rate of liver complications: age; birth in Asia, Europe, Mediterranean region, or Egypt; transmission by blood transfusion or sporadic cases; HCV genotypes 1b and 4 (compared with 1/1a); fibrosis stage 3 or 4 (cirrhosis); serum albumin; bilirubin; prothrombin time; and alpha-fetoprotein [17].
• Neutropenia can lead to a reduction in drug doses or to withdrawal of important myelosuppressive agents such as ganciclovir, zidovudine, cotrimoxazole and pyrimethamine, while anaemia may require the administration of blood transfusions [18].
• Immunosuppressive activity did not correlate with serum cortisol levels, blood transfusion, protein-calorie malnutrition, or anesthesia [19].
• We therefore studied the effect of thalidomide in six patients with severe recurrent intestinal bleeding refractory to standard treatment (three patients with Crohn's disease (CD), three patients with obscure intestinal bleeding; mean of 56 blood transfusions within the last 24 months) [20].

Biological context of Blood Transfusion

• The presence of non-cytotoxic, Fc receptor blocking antibodies to donor and leukaemic B lymphocytes in pre-transplant sera correlated with both improved graft survival (p less than 0.03 and less than 0.1, respectively) and the number of blood transfusions given (p less than 0.05 and less than 0.03, respectively) [21].
• INTERPRETATION: Pharmacological strategies that decrease perioperative blood loss in cardiac surgery, in particular aprotinin and lysine analogues, also decrease mortality, the need for rethoracotomy, and the proportion of patients receiving a blood transfusion [22].
• Among the 215 patients with blood transfusions for whom histology was available, 118 of 215 (55%) had cirrhosis and 89 of 215 (41%) were noncirrhotic (P < .001); 8 transfused patients (4%) had hepatocellular carcinoma [23].
• Sensitization to minor histocompatibility antigens of the BM donor strain by blood transfusion either before or during TLI resulted in marrow graft rejection in a high percentage of animals [24].
• CONCLUSIONS: Patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer and mild anemia benefit from perioperative erythropoietin administration in terms of stimulated erythropoiesis, reduction in the number of blood transfusions, and a favorable outcome [25].

Anatomical context of Blood Transfusion

• Induction of antiidiotypic antibodies by blood transfusions. Characterization of T cell alloantigen-specific receptors by sera from transfused mice [26].
• In dogs, treated postoperatively with azathioprine and prednisolone, three preoperative third-party blood transfusions led to 29 +/- 19 days of pancreas graft survival, which was not significantly different from nontransfused controls (17 +/- 5 days) [27].
• Transducer (Ts2) and effector (Ts3) cells both carry the CD8 marker and are found in the spleens of long-term surviving DA rats bearing LEW kidney allografts made tolerant by donor-specific blood transfusions or by cyclosporine (in most cases) [28].
• In order to study the effect of blood transfusions on the donor-specific helper T cell repertoire, donor-specific interleukin 2-producing precursors (Th precursors [Thp]) were examined in 10 patients before and after transfusion [29].
• INTERVENTIONS: Patients received, in random order, an infusion of dobutamine (10 micrograms/kg/min) and a blood transfusion (800 mL of packed red blood cells in 90 mins) [30].

Associations of Blood Transfusion with chemical compounds

• Antibodies to cephalothin sodium (Keflin) can be transferred passively via whole blood transfusion [31].
• Widespread adoption of pre-transplant blood transfusion and increasing use of cyclosporin will probably contribute to the further lessening of the centre effect which has already been observed over the past few years [32].
• 16 patients underwent acute hypervolaemic haemodilution with dextran 40 and Ringers lactate, to see whether this procedure could avoid preoperative blood transfusion [33].
• Subcutaneous desferrioxamine (2--4 g over 12 h) was administered 6 nights each week to 34 patients with transfusional iron overloads who continued to receive regular blood-transfusions [2].
• Our investigations suggested that the centre variation in acute rejection was influenced by blood transfusion and the variation in mortality by steroid dose and recipient age [32].

Gene context of Blood Transfusion

• The question as to whether or not such variables as HLA-A, B, and DR match and sex, the number of pretransplant blood transfusions, and the degree of presensitization, etc. predispose to the development of donor-specific CML nonreactivity was studied as well [34].
• Individuals possessing the Nak(a)-negative phenotype do not express CD36 and risk developing anti-CD36 isoantibodies upon blood transfusion or during pregnancy [35].
• In addition, serum markers of immune activation (TNF, sCD23, sCD25) correlated directly with the annual blood transfusion requirement [36].
• This study was designed to identify HLA-DRB1 alleles associated with predisposition to Jk(a) immunization after blood transfusion or pregnancy [37].
• CONCLUSION: A DRB1-matched blood transfusion shows improvement of symptoms in several RA patients [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Blood Transfusion

• Cyclosporin and blood transfusion in kidney transplantation [39].
• Sclerotherapy was not superior to terlipressin, somatostatin, or octreotide for any outcome and to vasopressin for rebleeding, blood transfusions, death, and adverse events; it was superior to vasopressin for the control of bleeding in a single trial flawed by a potential detection bias [40].
• A significantly smaller proportion of women taking misoprostol than of those who induced abortion by catheter insertion presented signs of infection or physical injuries or required blood transfusion (< 0.0005) [41].
• Treatment included blood transfusions, temporary regional heparinization, withdrawal of Coumadin, and bed rest [42].
• Factors not influencing treatment strategy were age, primary tumor stage, timing of metastases detection, past blood transfusion, liver resection type, pre-resection carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and previous hepatectomy [43].

References