Disease relevance of Retroviruses, Simian

• The characterization of HIV-1 (HTLV-III/LAV), the human retrovirus associated with AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has led to the identification of a group of related human and simian retroviruses which also infect CD4-bearing T lymphocytes [1].
• Pseudoknots derived from other retroviruses (i.e. the feline immunodeficiency virus and the simian retrovirus type 1) also promote frameshifting at the MMTV gag-pro shift site, dependent on the same structure at the junction of the two stems [2].
• Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication depends on the posttranscriptional regulation by the viral Rev protein and can be replaced with the posttranscriptional RNA control element (CTE) of the type D simian retroviruses [3].
• However, the gag, pro, and pol open reading frames (ORFs) were in different translational phases so that the expression of their mature gene products would require the double frame-shifting mechanism utilized by simian retroviruses, mouse mammary tumor virus, and human T-cell leukemia virus [4].
• A significantly increased incidence of antibodies reactive to gag encoded proteins of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV), baboon endogenous virus (BaEV) and simian retrovirus type 5 (SRV-5) was observed in the sera of schizophrenia patients compared to controls [5].

High impact information on Retroviruses, Simian

• A human nuclear protein that specifically interacts with the constitutive transport element (CTE) of simian retrovirus was identified as adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent RNA helicase A. This protein could bind to functional CTE but not to inactive CTE mutants [6].
• Similar morphine effect was not observed on CEM x174 cells infected with simian retroviruses, which do not depend on CCR5 for entry [7].
• Expression of a Rev-independent molecular clone, which is regulated via the constitutive transport element (CTE) of the simian retrovirus type 1, is not affected [8].
• In addition, the constitutive transport element of simian retrovirus type 1 overcomes the effect of the inhibitory sequences of L1 but not L2 [9].
• In addition, we have achieved efficient expression of L1 from hybrid mRNAs containing a cis-acting transactivation element from simian retrovirus type 1 [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Retroviruses, Simian

• We describe the molecular cloning of a serogroup 2 simian retrovirus (SRV; D2/RHE/OR) and present the sequence of its envelope (env) glycoprotein gene and 3' long terminal repeat region [11].
• Similar methadone effect was not observed on CEM x174 cells infected with other simian retroviruses that do not depend on CCR5 for cellular entry [12].
• Sustained increases in cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid concentrations in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) naturally infected with simian retrovirus type-D [13].
• Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase from Mason-Pfizer monkey retrovirus (M-PMV dUTPase) is a betaretroviral member of the dUTPase enzyme family [14].

Gene context of Retroviruses, Simian

• We investigated the role of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as an autocrine growth factor for the retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF) cells present in macaques infected with the simian retrovirus type 2 (SRV-2) [15].
• These results also illustrate a potential problem in the testing of human sera for antibodies against simian retroviruses and demonstrate the need for caution in the interpretation of immunoblot results [16].
• Simultaneous detection of simian retrovirus type D serotypes 1, 2, and 3 by polymerase chain reaction [17].
• We have recently identified and sequenced a molecular clone of the serogroup 2 simian retrovirus (SRV), D2/RHE/OR/V1, that retains an enhanced ability to infect specific T cell lines [18].
• Simian retrovirus serogroup 2 constitutive transport element recognizes the ribosomal L10-like protein and translocon gamma subunit-like protein in a yeast three-hybrid assay [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Retroviruses, Simian

• Sera that were falsely positive in ELISA antibody tests to the three human and simian retroviruses were found to contain antibodies that reacted at comparable intensity with feline leukemia, infectious peritonitis and panleukopenia viruses [20].

References