Disease relevance of Macaca

• Effect of recombinant soluble CD4 in rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques [1].
• Neutralizing antibody directed against the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein can completely block HIV-1/SIV chimeric virus infections of macaque monkeys [2].
• Whereas all five control monkeys displayed high plasma viremia and rapid CD4 cell decline, 14 antibody-treated macaques were either completely protected against infection or against pathogenic manifestations of SHIV-infection [3].
• Monoclonal antibodies directed to p24, the major core protein of HTLV-III, also immunoprecipitated a 24-kilodalton species in lysates of cells infected with the macaque virus [4].
• The observation that passively transferred antibodies can suppress or delay viral infection in rotavirus-challenged pigtailed macaques has important implications for the design and testing of parenteral candidate rotavirus vaccines [5].

Psychiatry related information on Macaca

• The results indicate tha the meningoencephalitis induced by SIV in monkeys is similar to the lesions of the central nervous system in patients with AIDS and that SIV infection in the macaque is a useful animal model to study the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus--related subacute encephalitis or AIDS encephalopathy [6].
• A group of 3 male Indian rhesus macaques was adapted to a self-drinking model of alcohol consumption, whereas another group of 3 macaques was provided a Nutrasweet solution [7].
• To assess the effects of chronic methadone administration on locomotor, social, and eating behavior od drug-native individuals under circumstances approximating those of methadone "maintenance" clinics, we gave single, daily oral doses of methadone to 5 Macaca radiata monkeys living in a social group [8].
• We analyzed the association between evolution of the 5' exon of tat and disease progression in an SIV/SHIV macaque model of opiate dependence and AIDS [9].
• Methylmercury effects on the social behavior of Macaca fascicularis infants [10].

High impact information on Macaca

• In a survey of normal tissues, we found specific immunostaining for PDGF B-chain in neurons, principal dendrites, some axons, and probable terminals throughout the brain, in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and in the posterior pituitary of a nonhuman primate (Macaca nemestrina) [11].
• Myopia develops in macaque monkeys when their lids are surgically fused at birth and kept closed for one year [12].
• We show that oral delivery of CMPD167, a small molecule that binds to the CCR5 coreceptor, for 10-14 d can protect a substantial proportion of macaques from vaginal infection with a CCR5-using virus (SHIV-162P3) [13].
• We also show that prophylactic treatment of SCV-infected macaques with the antiviral agent pegylated interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) significantly reduces viral replication and excretion, viral antigen expression by type 1 pneumocytes and pulmonary damage, compared with untreated macaques [14].
• Neurogenesis normally only occurs in limited areas of the adult mammalian brain--the hippocampus, olfactory bulb and epithelium, and at low levels in some regions of macaque cortex [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Macaca

• Transfer of the HIV-1 cyclophilin-binding site to simian immunodeficiency virus from Macaca mulatta can confer both cyclosporin sensitivity and cyclosporin dependence [16].
• By using the SIV/macaque model of HIV pathogenesis, the dynamics of T cell infiltration into delayed type hypersensitivity sites specific for the purified protein derivative of bacillus Calmette-Guérin have been studied [17].
• We delivered the homologous erythropoietin (Epo) cDNA driven from a doxycycline-regulated promoter via recombinant adeno-associated virus in skeletal muscle of 9 cynomolgus macaques [18].
• Increased activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, the first enzyme of the kynurenine pathway, was indicated in the macaques with SAIDS by reduced serum L-tryptophan and elevated serum L-kynurenine concentrations [19].
• Poliovirus induces indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and quinolinic acid synthesis in macaque brain [20].

Biological context of Macaca

• Previously we demonstrated in macaques that induction of FasL expression and apoptotic cell death of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells by SIV is dependent on a functional nef gene [21].
• A level of hFIX that was 3% of normal levels was transiently detected in one other macaque, which had a genome copy number of 25 before abrogation by a neutralizing antibody (inhibitor) to hFIX [22].
• Thus, the rapid evolution of hIL-3 has resulted in a unidirectional species specificity, which most likely restricts the in vivo effects of hIL-3 in Macaca species [23].
• Effects of early-onset artificial strabismus on pursuit eye movements and on neuronal responses in area MT of macaque monkeys [24].
• Amino acid sequence of a proline-rich phosphoglycoprotein from parotid secretion of the subhuman primate Macaca fascicularis [25].

Anatomical context of Macaca

• Early suppression of SIV replication by CD8+ nef-specific cytotoxic T cells in vaccinated macaques [26].
• Orientation columns in macaque monkey visual cortex demonstrated by the 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic technique [27].
• Neuronal cell bodies and synaptic terminals positive for glutamic acid decarboxylase, the enzyme responsible for synthesizing gamma-amino butyric acid, have been located by immunocytochemical staining in all layers of the macaque monkey cortex [28].
• Here, we strengthen this case by demonstrating that seminiferous tubules from both the rat and the stumptailed macaque (Macaca arctoides) contain a factor which has LHRH-like receptor-binding and biological activity in vitro, but which is immunologically distinct from native LHRH [29].
• In the neocortices and amygdalae of young and aged macaques, cholinergic axons were identified by means of a monoclonal antibody to bovine choline acetyltransferase [30].

Associations of Macaca with chemical compounds

• In Macaca arctoides, atropine administration prevents abnormal eye elongation, and this suggests that lid-fusion myopia is caused by excessive accommodation [12].
• Effect of constant light on nychthemeral variations in serum testosterone in male Macaca radiata [31].
• Moreover, plasma viral RNA was elevated for the first three months in macaques with progesterone implants, and three of the progesterone-treated macaques developed relatively rapid disease courses [32].
• In agreement with these observations, total thymectomy of juvenile macaques was associated with decreases in plasma cortisol, corticotropin, and beta-endorphin [33].
• Prevention of SIV infection in macaques by (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine [34].

Gene context of Macaca

• The profiles were significantly different during primary SIV infection in macaques (SIVmac); that is, there was a delayed increase in IL-10 levels accompanied by moderate and persistent increases in TGF-beta levels [35].
• The Env from the parental virus as well as one derived from the first macaque to develop AIDS exclusively used CXCR4 as a coreceptor, indicating that CXCR4 can function as a coreceptor in macaques even though it is rarely used by simian immunodeficiency viruses [36].
• The chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR4 are found on subpopulations of neurons in the cortex of human and macaque brain [37].
• Accordingly, we cloned the macaque eotaxin and CCR3 genes and revealed that they were 91 and 92% identical at the amino acid level to their human homologues, respectively [38].
• In the work reported here, the responses of cultured microvascular EC derived from macaque lymph nodes to IL-1beta, IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 were examined [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Macaca

• We developed a macaque animal model for Bartonella quintana infection to detect changes in bacterial outer-membrane proteins (OMP) during prolonged bloodstream infection [40].
• Vaccination with tat toxoid attenuates disease in simian/HIV-challenged macaques [41].
• Microarray analysis showed that H. pylori recovered from challenged macaques had deleted babA, a member of a large family of paralogous outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that mediates attachment of H. pylori to the Lewis B blood group antigen on gastric epithelium [42].
• Two isoforms (alpha 1 and alpha 3) predominated in the macaque heart; dissection of the heart showed uniformity of isoform expression in different ventricular regions but markedly less alpha 3 in the atrium [43].
• Protection of multiple hematopoietic lineages with the SIV-specific ribozyme should permit analysis of stem cell gene therapy for AIDS in the SIV/macaque model [44].

References