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Chemical Compound Review

Vidarabine     2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5...

Synonyms: VIRDARABINE, Xylosyladenine, Xylosyl A, Adenosine 99%, SureCN63363, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of adenosine

 

Psychiatry related information on adenosine

 

High impact information on adenosine

 

Chemical compound and disease context of adenosine

  • Babies less than one month of age with virologically confirmed HSV infection were randomly and blindly assigned to receive either intravenous vidarabine (30 mg per kilogram of body weight per day; n = 95) or acyclovir (30 mg per kilogram per day; n = 107) for 10 days [16].
  • The patients were randomly assigned to receive either foscarnet (40 mg per kilogram of body weight intravenously every 8 hours) or vidarabine (15 mg per kilogram per day intravenously) for 10 to 42 days [17].
  • The state of modification of the adenosine residue (A37), found adjacent to the anticodon in tRNAs that recognize codons beginning with U, varies in Salmonella bacteria grown under different physiological conditions [18].
  • Hereditary hemolytic anemia with increased red cell adenosine deaminase (45- to 70-fold) and decreased adenosine triphosphate [19].
  • Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) produces phosphodiesterase induction, growth arrest, and cytolysis in S49 lymphoma cells [20].
 

Biological context of adenosine

 

Anatomical context of adenosine

  • Adenosine 5'-triphosphate: a P2-purinergic agonist in the myocardium [25].
  • Astrocyte-derived ATP, which is hydrolyzed to adenosine in the extracellular space, has inhibitory actions and mediates synaptic cross-talk underlying heterosynaptic depression [15].
  • In erythrocytes, adenosine nucleotides increased and deoxyadenosine nucleotides decreased to less than 0.5 percent of total adenine nucleotides [26].
  • When endogenous adenosine is removed from slugs, prespore vacuoles are synthesized throughout the prestalk region [27].
  • Measurement of tract length of poly(A) in two cell zygotes by adenosine/AMP ratios of radioactive RNA shows that the poly(A) tract of the zygote is solely accounted for radioactive RNA, indicating extensive turnover of the poly(A) [28].
 

Associations of adenosine with other chemical compounds

  • We have also simulated the purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency in S49 cells by adding inosine and adenosine to the growth medium [29].
  • All three mutants are resistant to killing by isoproterenol or cholera toxin and two are resistant to dbc AMP itself, but all are sensitive to killing by adenosine and EHNA [29].
  • After adjustment for differences between groups in the extent of disease, there was no difference between vidarabine and acyclovir in either morbidity (P = 0.83) or mortality (P = 0.27) [16].
  • An RNA (5'-CUGCAAUAAACAAGU-UAA-3') with 2'-O-CH3 ribose at each nucleotide except for the AAUAAA sequence and 3'-terminal adenosine was efficiently polyadenylated in vitro [30].
  • Wild-type S49 cells are killed by dexamethasone or dbc AMP, and adenosine (5 muM) in the presence of an ADA inhibitor (6 muM EHNA) also prevents the growth of and kills these S49 cells [29].
 

Gene context of adenosine

  • Here we show that DCC interacts with the membrane-associated adenosine A2b receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor that induces cAMP accumulation on binding adenosine [31].
  • Here, it is shown that the mutation is a nonconservative substitution (R200Q) in the PRKAG3 gene, which encodes a muscle-specific isoform of the regulatory gamma subunit of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) [32].
  • Yotiao, an NMDA receptor-associated protein, bound the type I protein phosphatase (PP1) and the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) holoenzyme [33].
  • The observed cleavage in vitro is (i) accurate, occurring at or near the polyadenylation site of CYC1 RNA, (ii) 30 to 50 percent efficient, (iii) adenosine triphosphate dependent, (iv) specific for the 3' ends of at least two yeast pre-mRNA's, and (v) absent with related pre-mRNA's carrying mutations that abolish correct 3' end formation in vivo [34].
  • To further dissect the role of Msh2 in SHM and CSR, mice with a "knockin" mutation in the Msh2 gene that inactivates the adenosine triphosphatase domain were examined [35].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of adenosine

  • The major areas of normal coronary physiological research since Berne's 1964 review have been the measurement of ventricular transmural blood flow distribution with microspheres, the adenosine hypothesis of local metabolic control of coronary blood flow, and the autonomic control of coronary blood flow [36].
  • Coronary blood-flow reserve (the ratio of the mean peak flow velocity after adenosine infusion to the resting velocity) increased by 29 percent after four weeks of exercise (from 2.8+/-0.2 in the initial study to 3.6+/-0.2 after four weeks; P<0.01 for the comparison with the control group) [37].
  • We evaluated adenine arabinoside treatment of herpes zoster in immunodeficient patients in a randomized, controlled crossover study [38].
  • Adenosine receptors were made visible on light microscopy by autoradiography with tritiated cyclohexyladenosine [39].
  • Immunohistochemistry of adenosine deaminase: implications for adenosine neurotransmission [40].

References

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  10. RBC membrane adenosine triphosphatase activities in patients with major affective disorders. Linnoila, M., MacDonald, E., Reinila, M., Leroy, A., Rubinow, D.R., Goodwin, F.K. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1983) [Pubmed]
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  15. Astrocyte control of synaptic transmission and neurovascular coupling. Haydon, P.G., Carmignoto, G. Physiol. Rev. (2006) [Pubmed]
  16. A controlled trial comparing vidarabine with acyclovir in neonatal herpes simplex virus infection. Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group. Whitley, R., Arvin, A., Prober, C., Burchett, S., Corey, L., Powell, D., Plotkin, S., Starr, S., Alford, C., Connor, J. N. Engl. J. Med. (1991) [Pubmed]
  17. A controlled trial comparing foscarnet with vidarabine for acyclovir-resistant mucocutaneous herpes simplex in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Safrin, S., Crumpacker, C., Chatis, P., Davis, R., Hafner, R., Rush, J., Kessler, H.A., Landry, B., Mills, J. N. Engl. J. Med. (1991) [Pubmed]
  18. A modified nucleotide in tRNA as a possible regulator of aerobiosis: synthesis of cis-2-methyl-thioribosylzeatin in the tRNA of Salmonella. Buck, M., Ames, B.N. Cell (1984) [Pubmed]
  19. Hereditary hemolytic anemia with increased red cell adenosine deaminase (45- to 70-fold) and decreased adenosine triphosphate. Valentine, W.N., Paglia, D.E., Tartaglia, A.P., Gilsanz, F. Science (1977) [Pubmed]
  20. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase: pivotal role in regulation of enzyme induction and growth. Insel, P.A., Bourne, H.R., Coffino, P., Tomkins, G.M. Science (1975) [Pubmed]
  21. Metabolism of the polyadenylate sequence of nuclear RNA and messenger RNA in mammalian cells. Brawerman, G., Diez, J. Cell (1975) [Pubmed]
  22. Early vidarabine therapy to control the complications of herpes zoster in immunosuppressed patients. Whitley, R.J., Soong, S.J., Dolin, R., Betts, R., Linnemann, C., Alford, C.A. N. Engl. J. Med. (1982) [Pubmed]
  23. Cyclic AMP-induced cytolysis in S49 cells: selection of an unresponsive "deathless" mutant. Lemaire, I., Coffino, P. Cell (1977) [Pubmed]
  24. Concentration of 3', 5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of patients with prolonged coma after head trauma or intracranial hemorrhage. Rudman, D., Fleischer, A., Kutner, M.H. N. Engl. J. Med. (1976) [Pubmed]
  25. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate: a P2-purinergic agonist in the myocardium. Vassort, G. Physiol. Rev. (2001) [Pubmed]
  26. Treatment of adenosine deaminase deficiency with polyethylene glycol-modified adenosine deaminase. Hershfield, M.S., Buckley, R.H., Greenberg, M.L., Melton, A.L., Schiff, R., Hatem, C., Kurtzberg, J., Markert, M.L., Kobayashi, R.H., Kobayashi, A.L. N. Engl. J. Med. (1987) [Pubmed]
  27. Interactions between adenosine and oscillatory cAMP signaling regulate size and pattern in Dictyostelium. Schaap, P., Wang, M. Cell (1986) [Pubmed]
  28. The dynamics of maternal poly(A)-containing mRNA in fertilized sea urchin eggs. Wilt, F.H. Cell (1977) [Pubmed]
  29. Characterization of a cell culture model for the study of adenosine deaminase- and purine nucleoside phosphorylase-deficient immunologic disease. Ullman, B., Cohen, A., Martin, D.W. Cell (1976) [Pubmed]
  30. Site-directed ribose methylation identifies 2'-OH groups in polyadenylation substrates critical for AAUAAA recognition and poly(A) addition. Bardwell, V.J., Wickens, M., Bienroth, S., Keller, W., Sproat, B.S., Lamond, A.I. Cell (1991) [Pubmed]
  31. Netrin-1-mediated axon outgrowth and cAMP production requires interaction with adenosine A2b receptor. Corset, V., Nguyen-Ba-Charvet, K.T., Forcet, C., Moyse, E., Chédotal, A., Mehlen, P. Nature (2000) [Pubmed]
  32. A mutation in PRKAG3 associated with excess glycogen content in pig skeletal muscle. Milan, D., Jeon, J.T., Looft, C., Amarger, V., Robic, A., Thelander, M., Rogel-Gaillard, C., Paul, S., Iannuccelli, N., Rask, L., Ronne, H., Lundström, K., Reinsch, N., Gellin, J., Kalm, E., Roy, P.L., Chardon, P., Andersson, L. Science (2000) [Pubmed]
  33. Regulation of NMDA receptors by an associated phosphatase-kinase signaling complex. Westphal, R.S., Tavalin, S.J., Lin, J.W., Alto, N.M., Fraser, I.D., Langeberg, L.K., Sheng, M., Scott, J.D. Science (1999) [Pubmed]
  34. RNA processing generates the mature 3' end of yeast CYC1 messenger RNA in vitro. Butler, J.S., Platt, T. Science (1988) [Pubmed]
  35. Msh2 ATPase activity is essential for somatic hypermutation at a-T basepairs and for efficient class switch recombination. Martin, A., Li, Z., Lin, D.P., Bardwell, P.D., Iglesias-Ussel, M.D., Edelmann, W., Scharff, M.D. J. Exp. Med. (2003) [Pubmed]
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  37. Effect of exercise on coronary endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. Hambrecht, R., Wolf, A., Gielen, S., Linke, A., Hofer, J., Erbs, S., Schoene, N., Schuler, G. N. Engl. J. Med. (2000) [Pubmed]
  38. Adenine arabinoside therapy of herpes zoster in the immunosuppressed. NIAID collaborative antiviral study. Whitley, R.J., Ch'ien, L.T., Dolin, R., Galasso, G.J., Alford, C.A. N. Engl. J. Med. (1976) [Pubmed]
  39. Adenosine receptors: autoradiographic evidence for their location on axon terminals of excitatory neurons. Goodman, R.R., Kuhar, M.J., Hester, L., Snyder, S.H. Science (1983) [Pubmed]
  40. Immunohistochemistry of adenosine deaminase: implications for adenosine neurotransmission. Nagy, J.I., LaBella, L.A., Buss, M., Daddona, P.E. Science (1984) [Pubmed]
 
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