High impact information on Nuclear Fusion

• The car1 gene of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina was cloned by complementation of a mutant defective for caryogamy (nuclear fusion), a process required for sexual sporulation [1].
• BiP may activate an ER-localized fusogen, allowing nuclear fusion and karyogamy in yeast [2].
• The yeast KAR1 gene is required for spindle pole body (SPB) duplication and nuclear fusion [3].
• The KAR3 gene is essential for yeast nuclear fusion during mating, and its expression is strongly induced by alpha factor [4].
• KAR3, a kinesin-related gene required for yeast nuclear fusion [4].

Biological context of Nuclear Fusion

• Mutants of the yeast Kar3 protein are defective in nuclear fusion, or karyogamy, during mating and show slow mitotic growth, indicating a requirement for the protein both during mating and in mitosis [5].
• KAR5 is required for membrane fusion during karyogamy, the process of nuclear fusion during yeast mating [6].
• These, and other results suggest that Fus2 defines a novel cell fusion function and subcellular structure that is also required for the alignment of parental nuclei before nuclear fusion [7].
• BIK1 function is required for nuclear fusion, chromosome disjunction, and nuclear segregation during mitosis [8].
• Expression of a Gal4-dependent luciferase reporter gene activated by this nuclear fusion protein was also strongly repressed after addition of DEX [9].

Anatomical context of Nuclear Fusion

• In the spheroplast fusion system, nuclear fusion is dependent on both the KAR1 gene and prior exposure to alpha factor [10].
• KAR8 is allelic to JEMI, encoding an endoplasmic reticulum resident DnaJ protein required for nuclear fusion [11].
• We also show that nuclear fusion in C. albicans requires the Kar3 microtubule motor protein [12].

Associations of Nuclear Fusion with chemical compounds

• Tritium is presently used in large quantities in laboratories for technological studies, as fuel for the process of nuclear fusion, and in the manufacture of radio-luminescent items [13].
• Depending on the duration of treatment 10(-6) g/ml pemoline are able to increase rates of nuclear fusions, bimitoses and 4n-mitoses, while 3 x 10(-4) g/ml have the opposite effects [14].

Gene context of Nuclear Fusion

• The fourth protein, Kar5p/Fig3p, is required for nuclear fusion [15].
• Overproduction of Ste12p suppressed the kar4 defect in KAR3 induction and nuclear fusion [16].
• The ROK1 gene was initially identified by its ability on a high-copy number plasmid to suppress the nuclear fusion defect caused by the kem1 null mutation [17].
• The dependence of nuclear fusion on alpha factor treatment could not be replaced by synchronization in G1 by mutations in CDC28 and CDC35 or by prior arrest in stationary phase [10].
• Furthermore, we showed that the spt3 mating defect was manifest at the levels of both cellular fusion and nuclear fusion [18].

References