Disease relevance of Cell Fusion

• Now, Li at al. identify and characterize an unexpected second function of ACE2 as a partner of the SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein in mediating virus entry and cell fusion [1].
• Both acute infection and cell fusion mediated by HHV-6 were specifically inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to CD46; fusion was also blocked by soluble CD46 [2].
• The CD4 molecule is a high-affinity cell-surface receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and a soluble truncated form of CD4 produced by recombinant DNA technology is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication and HIV-1-induced cell fusion in vitro [3].
• Role of envelope glycoprotein carbohydrate in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectivity and virus-induced cell fusion [4].
• Measles virus (MV) encodes the fusion protein (F) that mediates cell fusion and intercellular spread of the virus, and is homologous to the carboxy terminus of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Cell Fusion

• In a previous study using somatic cell fusion for Ig chain recombination we demonstrated that a recombinant antibody consisting of the H chain of antibody 26-10 and the L chain of antibody 40-20 retained digoxin binding and the 26-10 Id, but displayed a binding specificity pattern dominated by the 26-10 H chain donor [6].

High impact information on Cell Fusion

• We conclude from our results that the KAR1, CDC28, and CDC37 gene products can diffuse between nuclei in a heterocaryon and that they probably perform their function for caryogamy prior to cell fusion [7].
• Modulation and mapping of a human plasminogen activator by cell fusion [8].
• We also show that the haematopoietic donor genome adopts a more hepatocyte-specific expression profile after cell fusion, as the wild-type Fah gene was activated and the pan-haematopoietic CD45 marker was no longer expressed [9].
• To test whether this resulted from the differences in virus structure or the capacity of MV to induce cell fusion and/or immunosuppression, we analyzed antibody responses to chimeric MV expressing VSV glycoprotein instead of MV fusion protein and hemagglutinin [10].
• Coupling of hormone receptors to adenylate cyclase of different cells by cell fusion [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cell Fusion

• It was found with such enzyme treatment that virus-induced hemolysis and cell fusion are greatly influenced by cholesterol and phospholipids of the envelope [12].
• The cyanobacterial protein MVL inhibits HIV-1 envelope-mediated cell fusion at nanomolar concentrations by binding to high mannose N-linked carbohydrate on the surface of the envelope glycoprotein gp120 [13].
• Measles virus fusion protein is palmitoylated on transmembrane-intracytoplasmic cysteine residues which participate in cell fusion [14].
• Effects of 2-deoxyglucose, glucosamine, and mannose on cell fusion and the glycoproteins of herpes simplex virus [15].
• 2-Deoxyglucose and glucosamine were found to inhibit cell fusion caused by a syncytial mutant of herpes simplex virus and to inhibit the glycosylation of viral glycoproteins in the infected cells [15].

Biological context of Cell Fusion

• The cell fusion experiments suggest that the normalization of the sister chromatid exchange frequencies in BS cells can be achieved by factors conserved in the cells of various mammalian species [16].
• Thus, lin-39 is essential for inhibition of EFF-1-dependent cell fusion and stimulation of cell proliferation during vulva formation [17].
• In this latter model, cell death was the result of a sequential process involving cell fusion, nuclear fusion (karyogamy), phosphorylation of serine 15 (p53S15P), later on serine 46 (p53S46P), and transcription of p53 target genes [18].
• We conclude that Kel1p has a role in cell morphogenesis and cell fusion and may antagonize the Pkc1p pathway [19].
• The positive phenotype is dominant, shown by cell fusion, and treatment with 5-azacytidine converts the negative cells to the positive phenotype [20].

Anatomical context of Cell Fusion

• Epinephrine and isoproterenol provoke primary chick myoblasts to initiate precocious cell fusion [21].
• In Caenorhabditis, lin-39 prevents cell fusion of potential vulval cells and specifies the vulva equivalence group [22].
• Mesenchymal stem cells are recruited to striated muscle by NFAT/IL-4-mediated cell fusion [23].
• To identify a possible function for Oct-2 in the late stage immunoglobulin-secreting cell, we have used the method of somatic cell fusion [24].
• The basis of the inherited defect in cell surface expression of both the alpha and beta subunits of LFA-1 was determined by somatic cell fusion of patient or normal human cells with an LFA-1+ mouse T cell line [25].

Associations of Cell Fusion with chemical compounds

• Both the rise in intracellular adenosine 3' ,5-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and cell fusion generated by these effectors are prevented by propranolol, which is a specific blocker of the beta-adrenergic receptor [21].
• Propranolol has no effect either on the precocious cell fusion provoked by prostaglandin E or on cell fusion in control cultures [21].
• Lower concentrations of diazepam allow cell fusion to occur, but inhibit the synthesis and accumulation of myosin heavy chain, implying that cell fusion does not obligate myoblasts to synthesize and accumulate large quantities of muscle specific protein [26].
• Antibodies to fusin blocked cell fusion and infection with normal CD4-positive human target cells [27].
• D-mannose-specific lectins such as Con A specifically blocked virion infectivity and cell fusion [4].

Gene context of Cell Fusion

• We found that polarisome components and the cell fusion proteins Fus1 and Fus2 are important for the termination of projection growth [28].
• Fus3p, a pheromone-activated MAP kinase, is required for pheromone signaling and cell fusion [29].
• Overexpression of KEL1 also suppressed the defect in cell fusion of spa2Delta and fps1Delta mutants [19].
• Two lines of evidence indicate that RVS161/END6's endocytic function is not required for cell fusion [30].
• Fig1p and Fig2p are also important for cell fusion and conjugation bridge shape, respectively [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cell Fusion

• To improve the efficiency of liposome-mediated DNA transfer as a tool for gene therapy, we have developed a fusigenic liposome vector based on principles of viral cell fusion [32].
• Differential effects of calcium ion concentration on cell fusion, cell division and creatine kinase activity in mucle cell cultures [33].
• A modification of polyethylene glycol-mediated cell fusion procedure has been described and standardized for red blood cell mediated microinjection of proteins into cells in suspension [34].
• To develop an effective immunotherapy for B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), bispecific monoclonal antibodies (bsAb) were raised by cell fusion of two hybridoma cell lines secreting CD3 and CD19 antibodies [35].
• Juvenile Sandhoff Disease: complementation tests with Sandhoff and Tay-Sachs disease using polyethylene glycol-induced cell fusion [36].

References