Disease relevance of TRITIUM

• A tritium-labeled probe that detects measles virus nucleotide sequences was hybridized in situ to cells infected with measles virus and to sections of brain tissue from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and from patients with multiple sclerosis [1].
• Erythrocyte membranes from three patients with hemolytic anemia showed reduced incorporation of tritium from [3H]-borohydride, indicating decreased nonenzymatic glycosylation [2].
• A recently developed Farr-type radioimmunoassay for the detection of antibodies to tritium-labeled HeLa cell cytoplasmic ribosomes was evaluated as a serologic test in a variety of liver diseases [3].
• This slow tritium exchange reaction has been used to study the structure and interactions of yeast tRNAPhe bound to poly(U)-programed tight-couple 70S ribosomes of Escherichia coli [4].
• To assess whether TPE treatment could be extended to cells without significant toxicity, cultured monolayers of normal human dermal fibroblasts were incubated with tritium-labeled psoralen without TFO to maximize detectable damage and irradiated by TPE [5].

High impact information on TRITIUM

• Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins from HeLa cells labeled with 3H-arginine during S phase showed that the core histones were labeled preferentially, constituting 30% of the total cellular tritium and 50% of the label in a crude nuclear fraction [6].
• The phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in this child, as determined by an in vivo tritium-release assay, was 2.3 per cent of the normal value [7].
• In binding assays with membranes from guinea pig brain, ethylketocyclazocine and dynorphin-(1--13) amide were more potent in displacing tritium-labeled ethylketocyclazocine than in displacing typical mu and delta opioid receptor ligands [8].
• A radioimmunoassay for the detection of antibodies in human serum to tritium-labeled HeLa cell cytoplasmic ribosomes was developed with the use of Macaloid for the inhibition of endogenous ribonuclease activity [9].
• Mouse spleen cells capable of specifically binding intrinsically tritium-labeled polymerized flagellin (POL) (labeling by biosynthesis of flagellar protein) via IgM receptors were found to comprise a distinct population of about 20-50 cells per 10(6) lymphocytes [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of TRITIUM

• Salmonella typhi endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) was labeled with tritium and purified by gel filtration [11].
• Oral administration of 3H-labeled retinol 3 h before surgery resulted in 350% more tritium in the serum retinol-RBP-TTR complex of rats with acute renal failure as compared to sham-operated rats; this increase represented the fraction of retinol in RBP-TTR contributed by hepatic retinol from newly absorbed 3H-labeled retinol [12].
• The cellular pharmacology of the tritium-labeled cisplatin analogue dichloro(ethylenediamine)platinum(II) ([3H]DEP) was compared in cisplatin-sensitive 2008 and resistant 2008/C13*5.25 human ovarian carcinoma cells [13].
• Experiments with mutants of E. coli lacking the known glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenases indicated that these enzymes are not responsible for the removal of tritium from from 3,4-dihydroxy[3-(3)H]butyl-1-phosphonate in vivo [14].
• Human leukocyte and tritium-labeled fibroblast interferons, prepared by induction with Sendai virus and with double-stranded polyinosinic acid.polycytidylic acid respectively, have been studied in relation to the carbohydrate moieties attached to them [15].

Biological context of TRITIUM

• After perchloric acid hydrolysis, the constituent bases of the DNA, separated by paper chromatography, contained more than 90% of the tritium radioactivity in the cytosine and thymine, at a ratio of approximately 2:1 [16].
• Alb was labeled with tritium by reductive methylation ( [3H3C]Alb) [17].
• Gastric emptying was studied by determining the rate of emptying of tritium-labeled polyethylene glycol from the stomach after intracerebroventricular saline or bombesin, while intestinal transit was determined after the direct instillation of radiochromium into the small and large bowels [18].
• The intestinal absorption of labeled folic acid ([3H]pteroylmonoglutamate) was determined from urinary and fecal recoveries of tritium in pairs of monkeys fed control liquid diets or diets containing 50% of energy as ethanol for a 24-mo period [19].
• When wild-type cells containing only the endogenous enzyme were incubated with [3H]uridine, nascent transcripts became saturated with tritium with similar kinetics (t1/2 approximately 14 min) [20].

Anatomical context of TRITIUM

• The tritium activities were 1, 10, 50, and 100 muCi HTO/ml body water which provided cumulative, whole-body radiation doses of approximately 6.6, 66, 330, and 660 rads [21].
• In these groups of patients the incorporation of tritium into erythrocyte membrane proteins correlated with levels of hemoglobin AIc [2].
• The metabolites of tritium-labeled benzo[a[pyrene (BP) extracted from liver microsomes prepared by butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)-fed and control female A/HeJ mice were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography [22].
• The overall membrane potential of rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) calculated from the transmembrane distribution of the lipophilic, tritium-labelled cation tetraphenyl-phosphonium [( 3H]TPP+) was resolved into its mitochondrial and plasma membrane potential components [23].
• Histone H1 was purified from bovine thymus and radiolabeled with tritium by reductive methylation or with 125I using chloramine-T [24].

Associations of TRITIUM with other chemical compounds

• In liver perfusion experiments, 1 mM chlorpropamide enhanced the incorporation of tritium into triglycerides (but not other lipid classes) and increased both liver triglyceride content and triglyceride secretion [25].
• Proliferation of Ba/F3 murine lymphoid cells stably transfected with mutant PDGFR alpha cDNA was estimated by tritium thymidine incorporation [26].
• Determination of tritium-labeled indole-3-acetic acid transport showed that the increased expression of MKK7 in bud1 or the repressed expression in MKK7 antisense transgenic plants causes deficiency or enhancement in auxin transport, indicating that MKK7 negatively regulates PAT [27].
• In order to identify the form of PtdSer that is responsible for its effect on mast cell secretion, PtdSer containing a tritium-labeled serine moiety (3H-PtdSer) was synthesized from egg yolk phosphatidylcholine [28].
• Experiments on the metabolism and excretion of i.v. administered selectively labeled [3H8]leukotriene C4 in bile duct-cannulated guinea pigs indicated predominantly biliary excretion of tritium [29].

Gene context of TRITIUM

• A tritium-labeled aminoterminal heptapeptide of SP, 3H-SP(1-7), was synthesized, purified, and used to characterize the binding of a variety of fragments of SP and opioids in the mouse brain and spinal cord membranes [30].
• The determination of CD28-costimulated cell proliferation was performed by tritium uptake, cytokine production by ELISA, cell surface interleukin 2Ra and CD69 expression by flow cytometry, and mixed leukocyte reaction by tritium uptake [31].
• 2. Somatostatin stimulated tritium release (pEC(50)) through the sst(2) (7.8+/-0.1) and sst(5) (7.3+/-0.2), but not the sst(3) receptor [32].
• The data presented in this manuscript describes the binding characteristics of [3H]SB 209670, a potent nonpeptide tritium-labeled endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist [33].
• Several recombinant human P450 enzymes were incubated with [1,2,6,7-3H]testosterone, and only cDNA-expressed CYP3A4 catalyzed a high rate of tritium release [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of TRITIUM

• Uptake of a tritium-labeled amine through these channels can be measured by autoradiography [35].
• Electrical stimulation produced frequency-dependent increases in the tritium efflux and in the contractions [36].
• Evidence is presented that the majority of mouse spleen cells binding tritium-labeled POL undergoes blastogenesis after antigen capping, antigen shedding, and receptor reformation [10].
• The initial diagnosis of i(18p) was by standard cytogenetic techniques and was confirmed by in situ hybridization with a biotinylated alphoid probe (L1.84) specific for the pericentric region of chromosome 18 and with a tritium-labeled chromosome 18 probe (B74) which hybridizes to the D18S3 locus situated at 18p11 [37].
• By means of the fast gel filtration column techniques originally developed for tritium exchange experiments, we were able to replace the solvent of a tRNA sample from an 1H2O to an 2H2O buffer and obtain a useful spectrum in 2-5 min [38].

References