Disease relevance of Nitroxynil

• Impaired in vitro metabolism of the flukicidal agent nitroxynil by hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 in bovine fascioliasis [1].

High impact information on Nitroxynil

• The electrochemical behavior of the anthelmintic veterinary drug nitroxynil at the mercury electrode was studied in a series of Britton-Robinson universal buffer of pH 1.9-11 containing 20% (v/v) ethanol using dc-polarography cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential coulometry [2].
• Activity of oxyclozanide, nitroxynil, clorsulon and albendazole against adult triclabendazole-resistant Fasciola hepatica [3].
• The responses of cattle infected with Fasciola hepatica to treatment with nitroxynil or closantel were monitored by faecal egg counts and by ELISA assay of anti-fluke antibodies [4].
• Comparative efficacy of triclabendazole, nitroxynil and rafoxanide against immature and mature Fasciola hepatica in naturally infected cattle [5].
• 2. Mouse- and sheep-liver enzymes, in addition to effecting nitro reduction, metabolized nitroxynil by hydrolysis to 3-iodo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide and 3-iodo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoic acid [6].

Biological context of Nitroxynil

• Plasma protein binding of nitroxynil in several species [7].

Associations of Nitroxynil with other chemical compounds

• Administered by subcutaneous injection, nitroxynil and rafoxanide at dose rates of 10 and 3 mg/kg bodyweight respectively were 88.5 and 36.1 per cent effective in eliminating a six-week-old infection of F hepatica and 85.8 and 60.4 per cent effective against an eight-week-old infection [8].
• Diamphenethide and a mixture of nitroxynil and hexachlorophane, which are effective against Fasciola hepatica in sheep, are effective in cattle if allowance is made for the slower rate of development and the more intense liver reaction which is associated with resistance [9].
• The effect of oxyclozanide, hexachlorophene, nitroxynil, rafoxanide and diamphenethide on malate dehydrogenase activity of homogenates of Fasciola gigantica, Fasciolopsis buski and Paramphistomum explanatum was investigated [10].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nitroxynil

• Determination of nitroxynil in cow milk by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with dual-electrode coulometric detection [11].
• Three voltammetric analytical procedures including dc-polarography, differential-pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry and square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry were optimized for the direct determination of bulk nitroxynil [2].
• Based on faecal egg counts nine weeks after treatment the efficacies were calculated to be 100 per cent for triclabendazole and 95.0 per cent for nitroxynil in the first trial and 98.4 per cent for triclabendazole and 52.9 per cent for rafoxanide 15 weeks after treatment in the second trial [5].

References