Disease relevance of Eskazole

• CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous drainage, combined with albendazole therapy, is an effective and safe alternative to surgery for the treatment of uncomplicated hydatid cysts of the liver and requires a shorter hospital stay [1].
• All patients received 15 mg of albendazole per kilogram of body weight per day for four weeks [2].
• We aimed to assess the potential for school-based control of lymphatic filariasis by investigating the efficacy and tolerability or combined ivermectin and albendazole in Haitian schoolchildren [3].
• INTERPRETATION: Symptomless trichuriasis impairs growth and albendazole or pyrantel may affect growth, independently of a therapeutic action on parasites [4].
• Percutaneous drainage versus albendazole therapy in hepatic hydatidosis: a prospective, randomized study [5].

Psychiatry related information on Eskazole

• We conclude that treatment of undernourished school children for intestinal helminth infections with albendazole may improve growth and appetite and increase spontaneous physical activity [6].
• Both albendazole-treated groups had significant side effects (anorexia, lethargy) [7].
• It is concluded that co-infection with M. perstans does not significantly alter the post-treatment reaction profile to single-dose ivermectin/albendazole in W. bancrofti infection in this community, and that acute post-treatment reactions should not limit patient compliance in community-based programs to eliminate lymphatic filariasis [8].

High impact information on Eskazole

• Treatment of anisakiasis with albendazole [9].
• The efficacy of albendazole at a dose of 10 mg/kg daily for 3 months suggests that it is a suitable alternative to surgery in uncomplicated hydatid liver disease, as initial treatment [10].
• Three patients who received albendazole developed reversible elevation of liver cell enzymes [5].
• Sensitivity to albendazole sulphoxide of Echinococcus granulosus scoleces in man [11].
• The pharmacokinetics of albendazole was evaluated in 11 patients with hydatid disease who underwent surgery 12 h after the last dose of drug [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Eskazole

• The widespread use of mebendazole and albendazole for treating intestinal nematode infections in human populations is raising concerns that careful monitoring pro- cedures should be in place to identify any emergence of drug resistance [13].
• Penetration of albendazole sulphoxide into hydatid cysts [14].
• Treatment of isosporiasis with combined albendazole and ornidazole in patients with AIDS [15].
• Both the heterocyclic pyrazinoisoquinoline compound, praziquantel and the benzimidazole carbamate, albendazole, have now been extensively tested and successfully used for treatments of neurocysticercosis, usually in combination with corticosteroids [16].
• Presently, the two most commonly used drugs for treating microsporidiosis in persons with AIDS are albendazole and fumagillin [17].

Biological context of Eskazole

• Albendazole treatment of echinococcosis in humans: effects on microsomal metabolism and drug tolerance [18].
• Examination of floating tumor cells collected from the peritoneal wash revealed profound down-regulation of VEGF mRNA in albendazole-treated mice [19].
• Relative bioavailability of three newly developed albendazole formulations: a randomized crossover study with healthy volunteers [20].
• Albendazole treatment of children with ascariasis enhances the vibriocidal antibody response to the live attenuated oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR [21].
• Mebendazole and albendazole are most effective against intestinal nematodes, but are contraindicated during the first trimester of pregnancy [22].

Anatomical context of Eskazole

• We have recently shown that albendazole inhibits peritoneal growth of human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29) [19].
• Blood eosinophil levels and anti-filarial IgG and IgG4 also fell significantly in response to albendazole [23].
• The patient underwent surgical evacuation and irrigation of the pleural cavity followed by medical treatment for the liver cyst with albendazole, with complete recovery and disappearance of the liver cyst [24].
• Treatment with albendazole resulted in improvement in serum creatinine levels, complete disappearance of spores from sputum, a negative urine culture, and a 3-log decline in the number of spores in the urine, as evidenced by chromotrope-based staining [25].
• Albendazole therapy was delayed and may have been too late to prevent bile duct damage; the drug had to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for compassionate use [26].

Associations of Eskazole with other chemical compounds

• The efficacy of albendazole (50 mg/kg/d), mebendazole (50 mg/kg/d) and praziquantel (500 mg/kg/d) against established intraperitoneal infections of Echinococcus multilocularis in gerbils was compared by monitoring parasite weight and making ultrastructural observations on treated and untreated material [27].
• An aminopyrine breath test was performed in 12 patients while they were receiving albendazole treatment and while they were not [18].
• Treatment with a single dose benzimidazole such as albendazole or mebendazole has beneficial effects on morbidity and rates of transmission [28].
• Effects of albendazole, fumagillin, and TNP-470 on microsporidial replication in vitro [17].
• In this study we performed in vitro drug treatment of E. multilocularis metacestodes with albendazole sulfoxide and albendazole sulfone [29].

Gene context of Eskazole

• The aim of this work was to determine whether albendazole, a CYP3A4 substrate, is also a substrate for the multidrug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein [30].
• Relative contribution of cytochromes P-450 and flavin-containing monoxygenases to the metabolism of albendazole by human liver microsomes [31].
• Both in vitro and in vivo methods were used to assess the role of P-glycoprotein-mediated albendazole transport [30].
• CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest for the first time that in nude mice bearing OVCAR-3 peritoneal tumors, by inhibiting VEGF production, albendazole abolishes tumor angiogenesis and ascites formation [19].
• Postvaccination levels of IL-2 were significantly greater in the albendazole-treated group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.03) [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Eskazole

• We did a prospective, controlled, randomised, open study of albendazole in patients with liver hydatid disease, and assessed parasite viability after treatment [10].
• After the intervention, oral chemotherapy with albendazole (2 x 400 mg/day) was continued, but no anticoagulants were given [33].
• Four patients who relapsed at 19-31 days after the cessation of treatment responded to a second course of albendazole [34].
• We evaluated the following prognostic factors for seizure recurrence: sex, number of seizures before control, type of seizures, number of parenchymal brain cysts before albendazole therapy, EEG findings, and CT findings after albendazole therapy [35].
• Albendazole and praziquantel were effective when compared with the control group [36].

References