Disease relevance of Pirlimycin

• Activity of pirlimycin against pathogens from cows with mastitis and recommendations for disk diffusion tests [1].
• Activity of pirlimycin (U57930E) against strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group [2].
• Pirlimycin is an analog of clindamycin that will be recommended for therapy of bovine mastitis [1].
• Although the in vitro antibacterial activity of clindamycin and pirlimycin are nearly identical, the latter compound is 2-20 times more active than clindamycin when administered to mice experimentally infected with strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacteroides fragilis, and Plasmodium berghei [3].
• Pirlimycin is not active against isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, it varies in its activity against enterococci, and it is active against veterinary isolates of streptococci (MIC for 50% of strains tested, < or = 0.03 to 0.06 microgram/ml) and staphylococci (MIC for 50% of strains tested, 0.25 to 1.0 microgram/ml) [1].

High impact information on Pirlimycin

• Molecular analysis of constitutively expressed erm(C) genes selected in vitro in the presence of the non-inducers pirlimycin, spiramycin and tylosin [4].
• Treated heifers received a single 50-mg dose of pirlimycin in each mammary quarter approximately 10 to 14 days prior to parturition [5].
• Factors affecting cure and somatic cell count after pirlimycin treatment of subclinical mastitis in lactating cows [6].
• No pirlimycin residues were detected in postpartum milk samples [5].
• CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that prepartum treatment of dairy heifers with pirlimycin may reduce the prevalence of early lactation IMI, particularly IMI caused by CNS, without causing pirlimycin residues in milk [5].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pirlimycin

• OBJECTIVES: As known from other lincosamides and 16-membered macrolides, the antimicrobial agents pirlimycin, spiramycin and tylosin, which are frequently used for the therapy of bovine mastitis, cannot induce the expression of the resistance gene erm(C) [4].
• The in vitro activity of trospectomycin, pirlimycin, mirincamycin and N-demethyl clindamycin was measured against 46 clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori using an agar dilution technique [7].
• Cows with clinical mastitis were randomly assigned to a treatment group: pirlimycin intramammary (i.m.m.) (n = 35), pirlimycin i.m.m. and ceftiofur i.m.m. (n = 36), cephapirin i.m.m. (n = 40), cephapirin i.m. and ceftiofur i.m. (n = 33) [8].

Biological context of Pirlimycin

• Pharmacokinetics and milk discard times of pirlimycin after intramammary infusion: a population approach [9].

Anatomical context of Pirlimycin

• Cows infected with S. uberis in one or both experimentally challenged mammary glands were randomly allocated to three groups, representing three different treatment regimens with pirlimycin, including 2-day (n = 21 cows, 31 mammary quarters), 5-day (n = 21 cows, 32 quarters), and 8-day (n = 26 cows, 40 quarters) [10].

Associations of Pirlimycin with other chemical compounds

• The MIC90 for erythromycin and pirlimycin for strains that were positive for beta-lactamase was > 64.0 micrograms/ml [11].
• The PAE of penicillin, pirlimycin, and tilmicosin were reduced against S. aureus 305 originating in vivo compared with S. aureus 305 grown in vitro [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pirlimycin

• Pirlimycin is absorbed in rats and mice following both subcutaneous and oral administration [3].
• A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay method has been developed for determining pirlimycin in human serum and urine [13].
• Of the quarters infected at 14 d before expected parturition, 76% (19 of 25) were uninfected following treatment with penicillin-novobiocin; 59% (17 of 29) were uninfected following treatment with pirlimycin, and 26% (5 of 19) were uninfected in the untreated negative control group [14].
• Determination and confirmation of pirlimycin residue in bovine milk and liver by liquid chromatography/thermospray mass spectrometry: interlaboratory study [15].
• A cure was defined as an experimentally infected mammary gland that was treated with pirlimycin and was bacteriologically negative for the presence of S. uberis at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment [10].

References