Disease relevance of erythromycin

• These preliminary results suggest that erythromycin may have therapeutic value in patients with severe diabetic gastroparesis [1].
• In an effort to prevent perinatal acquisition of Chlamydia trachomatis, we offered treatment with erythromycin ethylsuccinate (400 mg four times a day for seven days, given at 36 weeks' gestation) to 184 pregnant women with cervical chlamydial infections [2].
• We also evaluated the clinical importance of erythromycin resistance in a retrospective study of consecutive patients with pharyngitis [3].
• Ototoxicity of erythromycin in patients with renal insufficiency [4].
• To examine this possibility, we studied the effect of erythromycin on gastric emptying in 10 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and gastroparesis [1].

Psychiatry related information on erythromycin

• The effects of an antibacterially effective IV dose of erythromycin on gastrointestinal motor activity were investigated in eight normal healthy human volunteers in the fasted state and the fed state [5].
• Eight women and two men with anorexia nervosa (21-46 years, 50-75% of ideal body weight) received 200 mg erythromycin or placebo under crossover double blind conditions [6].
• Inhibition of TNF and IL-6 production by erythromycin may have a negative impact on host defense mechanisms during pneumococcal pneumonia [7].
• Gastrointestinal distress, a well known and major obstacle to patient compliance with erythromycin, is relatively uncommon with the new macrolides [8].
• We have studied the effects of food deprivation and adrenalectomy on the induction by RU486 of female rat liver microsomal CYP3A apoprotein, erythromycin N-demethylase and diazepam C3-hydroxylase activities [9].

High impact information on erythromycin

• We studied the effect of this policy on the pattern of erythromycin resistance throughout Finland. METHODS: From 1991 through 1996, a total of 39,247 group A streptococcal isolates from throat swabs (82 percent of the isolates) and pus samples (18 percent) and 290 isolates from blood cultures were studied in regional microbiology laboratories [10].
• We investigated whether treatment with metronidazole and erythromycin during the second trimester would lower the incidence of delivery before 37 weeks' gestation [11].
• Povidone-iodine was more effective against Chlamydia trachomatis than was silver nitrate (P < 0.001) or erythromycin (P = 0.008) [12].
• The treatment of pharyngitis with erythromycin failed in 9 of 19 patients infected with erythromycin-resistant group A streptococci, as compared with 1 of 26 patients with erythromycin-susceptible isolates (47 percent vs. 4 percent, P = 0.008) [3].
• Erythromycin mimics the effect of the gastrointestinal polypeptide motilin on gastrointestinal motility, probably by binding to motilin receptors and acting as a motilin agonist [1].

Chemical compound and disease context of erythromycin

• To elucidate the structural basis of ribosome-antibiotic interactions, we determined the high-resolution X-ray structures of the 50S ribosomal subunit of the eubacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, complexed with the clinically relevant antibiotics chloramphenicol, clindamycin and the three macrolides erythromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin [13].
• The 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) of Saccharopolyspora erythraea, which synthesizes the aglycone core of the antibiotic erythromycin A, has been modified by repositioning of a chain-terminating cyclase domain to the carboxyl-terminus of DEBS1, the multienzyme that catalyzes the first two rounds of polyketide chain extension [14].
• Thirty-one of 35 patients with resistant H influenzae otitis were treated with an erythromycin/sulfisoxazole combination with an impressive clinical response [15].
• Intravenous amodiaquine and oral amodiaquine/erythromycin in the treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria [16].
• Erythema chronicum migrans and its associated symptoms resolved faster in penicillin- or tetracycline-treated patients than in those given erythromycin (mean duration, 5.4 and 5.7 versus 9.2 days, F = 3.38, p less than 0.05) [17].

Biological context of erythromycin

• Erythromycin shortened the prolonged gastric-emptying times for both liquids and solids to normal [1].
• Here we report a method for cell-free enzymatic synthesis of 6-deoxyerythronolide B (6-dEB), the parent molecule of the antibiotic erythromycin A, using recombinant 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS), a modular PKS with at least 28 distinct active sites [18].
• We report here the analysis of about 10 kilobases of DNA from S. erythraea, cloned by chromosome 'walking' outwards from the erythromycin-resistance determinant ermE, and previously shown to be essential for erythromycin biosynthesis [19].
• Acylation of the purified erythromycin-producing polyketide synthase has shown that all six acyltransferase domains have identical stereospecificity for their normal substrate, (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA [20].
• The median erythromycin MIC (MIC(50)) of M phenotype isolates increased from 4 microg/mL to 8 microg/mL [21].

Anatomical context of erythromycin

• The macrolide antibiotic erythromycin also interacted with the cloned motilin receptor, providing a molecular basis for its effects on the human GI tract [22].
• The polypeptide tunnel system in the ribosome and its gating in erythromycin resistance mutants of L4 and L22 [23].
• Erythromycin, a potent inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis, at a concentration that completely inhibits L. pneumophila intracellular multiplication, had no influence on fusion of L. pneumophila phagosomes with secondary lysosomes [24].
• Erythromycin, at concentrations that completely inhibit the intracellular multiplication of L. pneumophila, has no effect on vacuole formation [25].
• The rate of demethylation of this substrate, measured simply as 14CO2 in the breath, correlated well with the concentrations of immunoreactive P-450p protein (r = 0.70), holocytochrome P-450p (r = 0.70), or with erythromycin N-demethylase activity (r = 0.90) determined in the liver microsomes prepared from each rat [26].

Associations of erythromycin with other chemical compounds

• A five-day course of erythromycin or tetracycline, administered after a base-line period of 10 to 17 days, markedly reduced or eliminated DRP excretion in urine and stool [27].
• All patients recovered following amputation of the involved extremity, and treatment with high-dose penicillin in three cases, and erythromycin plus high-dose cephalothin in the fourth [28].
• To develop a practical method to estimate the amounts of HLp in patients [14C]N-methyl erythromycin was injected into rats that had been pretreated with dexamethasone or with inducers of other forms of cytochrome P-450 [26].
• At concentrations approximating those in the colonic lumen, ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and lincomycin depressed tone and spontaneous contractions of the muscularis mucosae [29].
• In a randomised, double-blind study, we compared amoxycillin with erythromycin in this setting [30].

Gene context of erythromycin

• Production of NO or iNOS was not detected in controls with or without erythromycin A [31].
• CYP3A inhibition was verified with erythromycin breath test [32].
• Hepatic CYP3A phenotype was characterized with the erythromycin breath test, and enzyme induction capacity was evaluated with a short course of rifampin (600 mg/d for 6 days) [33].
• We determined whether the drug efflux protein P-glycoprotein (Pgp) could influence the extent of CYP3A-mediated metabolism of erythromycin, a widely used model substrate for CYP3A [34].
• Like ksgA, DIM1 belongs to the erm family of prokaryotic 23 S rRNA dimethylases responsible for erythromycin resistance [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of erythromycin

• The illness resolved rapidly after treatment with erythromycin and corticosteroids [36].
• We studied the emptying of liquids and solids simultaneously on separate days after the intravenous administration of erythromycin (200 mg) or placebo, using a double-isotope technique and a double-blind, crossover design [1].
• Perfusion with erythromycin caused significantly greater QT-prolongation in female rabbit hearts (mean [SD], 11.8% [2.3%]) than in male hearts (6.9% [2.1%]; P = .03) [37].
• These data indicate that in a pregnant population at high risk for infection with C trachomatis, repeated prenatal chlamydial testing, plus successful erythromycin treatment, can significantly reduce certain adverse effects on pregnancy outcome [38].
• Recurrent epidemics caused by a single strain of erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The importance of molecular epidemiology [39].

References