Disease relevance of tartaric acid

• Multiple-drug resistance in D-tartrate-positive Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi B isolates from poultry is mediated by class 2 integrons inserted into the bacterial chromosome [1].
• Most d-tartrate-negative strains are members of an abundant, globally distributed clone (Pb 1) that is polymorphic for many biotype characters (including d-tartrate utilization), bacteriophage type, rRNA pattern, and colicin M and phage ES18 sensitivity [2].
• We investigated the effects of (2R)-2-amino-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-[3-(3-pyridyl)propyl]propionamide D-tartrate (Ro 22-9194), a novel class I antiarrhythmic agent, on myocardial ischemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in dogs [3].
• 9 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia were treated sequentially with busulfan, 6-mercaptopurine, and trimethylcolchicinic acid methyl ether d-tartrate (TMCA; NSC-36354) [4].
• The d-tartrate non-fermenting variant S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT(-) (S. Paratyphi B) is the causative agent of paratyphoid fever, and the d-tartrate fermenting variant S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT(+) (S. Paratyphi B dT(+); formerly called Salmonella Java) causes gastroenteritis [5].

High impact information on tartaric acid

• 3. Ninety-three per cent of the total enzyme activity detected in the supernatant exposed to bone-osteoclast preparations was resistant to inhibition by D-tartaric acid and was bound to an antibody known to be highly specific for the osteoclast-derived isoenzyme, showing that it originated from osteoclasts [6].
• The results demonstrate a clear predominance of both SGI1-borne resistance genes and class 1 integrons in Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104 and of class 2 integrons in Salmonella serovar Paratyphi B (d-tartrate positive) [7].
• Sequence data revealed a nucleotide exchange from G to A within the ATG start codon of gene STM 3356 in the d-tartrate-nonfermenting strains [8].
• Effects of the new class I antiarrhythmic agent Ro 22-9194, (2R)-2-amino-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-[3-(3-pyridyl)propyl]propionamide D-tartrate, on ischemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in dogs: involvement of thromboxane A2 synthase inhibitory activity [3].
• The d-tartrate fermenting phenotype of S [5].

Biological context of tartaric acid

• Indications for the existence of an enzyme, complementary to and mutually exclusive with d-tartrate dehydrase, that has a positive correlation with pathogenicity are discussed [9].
• Improvement of Intestinal Absorption of P-glycoprotein Substrate by D-tartaric Acid [10].

Anatomical context of tartaric acid

• D-tartrate alters uptake of [3H]dopamine into brain synaptic vesicles [11].

Gene context of tartaric acid

• Twenty-two XbaI-pulsotypes were observed among the 65 dT- strains while 17 XbaI-pulsotypes were observed among the 22 isolates of Salm [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of tartaric acid

• The immunoassay is similar in reproducibility and sensitivity to assays based on inhibition by d-tartrate [13].
• A multiplex PCR and an improved lead acetate test were developed to discriminate d-tartrate-fermenting and -nonfermenting Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains [8].
• Isolates were investigated for D-tartrate fermentation, presence of genes encoding the effector proteins sopE1 and avrA, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile, and antimicrobial susceptibility [14].

References