Disease relevance of Intestinal Absorption

• It is suggested that the activity of the intestinal taurine transporter may be regulated by protein kinase A at a posttranslational level and that the intestinal absorption of taurine may be impaired during infection with enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli [1].
• The results of oral vitamin E tolerance tests showed that TPGS was well absorbed in virtually all study subjects, that TPGS intestinal absorption was superior to that of dl-alpha-tocopherol, and that TPGS absorption in teenage children with chronic cholestasis was similar to that of normal adults [2].
• We conclude that chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acids unsaturate bile in cholesterol and dissolve gallstones by a mechanism other than the suppression of intestinal absorption of cholesterol [3].
• Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as a probe molecule to investigate intestinal absorption in eight patients with eczema and evidence of food allergy and ten with eczema alone [4].
• The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glutamine dipeptide supplementation on small intestinal absorption capacity during critical illness [5].

Psychiatry related information on Intestinal Absorption

• Since several substances which increase the motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract may produce effects on the intestinal absorption of nutrients, the present study has been carried out to determine whether erythromycin affects the L-threonine intestinal absorption [6].

High impact information on Intestinal Absorption

• We provide evidence that expression of the gene for cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBPII), a key protein in the intestinal absorption of vitamin A, is dramatically up-regulated by retinoic acid in the presence of RXR but not RAR [7].
• Further characterization of folate metabolism showed that intestinal absorption of the vitamin, membrane transport of 5-14CH3-H4-folate by mature red cells, folate utilization in the conversion of deoxyuridylate to thymidylate and polyglutamate formation were all normal [8].
• These data suggest that ABCG5 and ABCG8 normally cooperate to limit intestinal absorption and to promote biliary excretion of sterols, and that mutated forms of these transporters predispose to sterol accumulation and atherosclerosis [9].
• Lactose facilitates the intestinal absorption of lead in weanling rats [10].
• With increase of intestinal absorption of calcium and decline of circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase, the bones of each patient exhibited striking histological improvement [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Intestinal Absorption

• Diabetes mellitus in rats is associated with enhanced intestinal absorption of glucose, but the kinetic basis for this observation is disputed [12].
• Consistent with the tissue distribution of system cit transport activity, transcripts for cNT1 were detected in kidney as well as jejunum. cNT1 therefore belongs to a potential new gene family and may be involved in the intestinal absorption and renal handling of pyrimidine nucleoside analogs used to treat acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [13].
• The authors have investigated intestinal absorption of folic acid by jejunal perfusion with a triple lumen tube in five subjects with regional enteritis [14].
• Of the gram-positive cocci studied, only the saprophyte, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, did not adversely affect the intestinal absorption of arbutin [15].
• Therefore, it is concluded that hyperoxalemia in ESRD results from loss of renal excretion, failure of hemodialysis to remove enough oxalate to maintain a normal serum concentration, and increased intestinal absorption of oxalate and/or increased endogenous production [16].

Biological context of Intestinal Absorption

• They also support the concept that CRBP II plays a role in the intestinal absorption or esterification of retinol and suggest that changes in hepatic metabolism of vitamin A occur during development [17].
• In conclusion, absence of expression of intestinal Apob48, but not Apob100, reduces biliary cholesterol secretion and cholelithogenesis, possibly by decreasing intestinal absorption and hepatic bioavailability [18].
• The intestinal absorption and mucosal hydrolysis of a partial and a complete alpha-amylase hydrolysate of corn starch, simulating the normal intermediary and end products of luminal starch digestion, was studied using an in vivo steady state jejunal perfusion technique in normal human subjects [19].
• Reductions in postcibal glucose concentrations depended on slowing of both gastric emptying and intestinal absorption [20].
• Others proposed preparation of synthetic substitutes such as sucrose polyesters to reduce intestinal absorption of fatty acids, thus reducing caloric intake with concomitant reduction in serum cholesterol [21].

Anatomical context of Intestinal Absorption

• HATs comprise two subunits: co-expression of subunits 4F2hc and y(+)LAT-1 induces the efflux of dibasic amino acids from cells, whereas co-expression of subunits rBAT and b(o,+)AT induces the renal reabsorption and intestinal absorption of cystine and dibasic amino acids at the brush border of epithelial cells [22].
• CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with GLP-2 improves intestinal absorption and nutritional status in short-bowel patients with impaired postprandial GLP-2 secretion in whom the terminal ileum and the colon have been resected [23].
• The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists on secretion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) from the rat submandibular glands and to test the possibility of intestinal absorption of EGF [24].
• The effects of chitosan and cholestyramine on intestinal absorption of oleic acid and cholesterol were assessed in adult male rats with cannulae in the thoracic duct lymphatic channel [25].
• The nutrition-dependent expression of sucrase-isomaltase and Na+/glucose co-transporter 1, two proteins implicated in the intestinal absorption of glucose, has been shown to be closely related to modifications of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1) activity [26].

Associations of Intestinal Absorption with chemical compounds

• Furthermore, they decreased intestinal absorption of cholesterol, increased fecal excretion of endogenous and exogenous neutral steroids and bile acids, and decreased the percent distribution of fecal deoxycholic and lithocholic acids [27].
• The intestinal absorption of fructose is carried out by the facilitative hexose transporter, which has been designated as GLUT5 [28].
• Application of enkephalins to the luminal surface of the bowel augments intestinal absorption [29].
• The decreased intestinal absorption of calcium and accelerated bone loss associated with chronic glucocorticoid excess may be mediated by changes in vitamin D metabolism, leading to decreased availability of circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [30].
• Dietary provitamin A carotenoids are largely converted to retinol (vitamin A) during intestinal absorption in the mucosal cell [31].

Gene context of Intestinal Absorption

• In hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), intestinal absorption of dietary iron is increased, leading to excessive iron accumulation in tissues and resultant organ damage [32].
• These data indicate that Slc10a2 is essential for efficient intestinal absorption of bile acids and that alternative absorptive mechanisms are unable to compensate for loss of Slc10a2 function [33].
• Expression of Abcg5 and Abcg8, recently implicated in biliary excretion of cholesterol and its intestinal absorption, was induced in T0901317-treated mice [34].
• In conclusion, Bcrp1 limits net intestinal absorption of quercetin by pumping quercetin glucuronides back into the lumen [35].
• Mammals obtain thiamin through intestinal absorption, while in the kidney thiamin is reabsorbed to prevent its loss in the urine, both processes are specialized, carrier-mediated and involve thiamin transporters-1 and 2 (THTR-1 and THTR-2, respectively; products of the SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 genes) [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Intestinal Absorption

• Intrajejunal leptin also induced a rapid twofold increase in plasma CFX after jejunal perfusion with CFX in the rat, indicating enhanced intestinal absorption of CFX [37].
• Galactose perfusion of jejunal segment showed that hexose absorption was significantly inhibited, while intestinal absorption of glycine or dipeptide, glycylglycine was not significantly affected by total parenteral nutrition treatment [38].
• CONCLUSIONS: Combined high dose growth hormone and glutamine administered for four weeks did not improve intestinal absorption five days after treatment was terminated in short bowel patients on their usual diet [39].
• In rats with normal renal function (average creatinine clearance, 4.0 ml/min per kg), the average net intestinal absorption of phosphate over all balance periods was 103.3 mg/d for the control group versus 84.7 mg/d for the ferric citrate group (P < 0.005) [40].
• To study the effect of age on the intestinal absorption of vitamin D, we compared serum vitamin D2 concentrations after oral administration of 50,000 IU vitamin D2 in both healthy vitamin D-sufficient elderly subjects and young adults [41].

References