Disease relevance of Tinopal UNPA-GX

• Diagnosis of gastrointestinal microsporidiosis was made by detecting spores of the parasite in stool specimens with Weber's modified trichrome stain and with some optical brightening agents such as UVITEX 2B or calcofluor white M2R [1].
• The selective fluorescence staining of two fungi, Candida albicans and Blastomyces dermatitides, with Uvitex 2B and Calcofluor White M2R was studied in deparaffinized and frozen sections of mouse kidney and lung [2].
• Four fluorescent brighteners (Fluorescent Brightener 28, Fluostain 1, Fluostain II and Cellufluor) were examined with respect to their binding affinity, toxicity (their ability to stunt growth), and teratogenic effects on the red alga Antithamnion kylinii [3].

High impact information on Tinopal UNPA-GX

• Loss of cellulose from the tapetal walls was followed using the decline in the ability of the wall to bind the fluorescent brightener, Calcofluor White M2R New. Subplasma-membrane microtubules persist after loss of the cellulose wall [4].
• Following hydrolysis, visualisation of isoenzymes was achieved by fluorescent counter-staining of the gel with Fluorescent Brightener 28 [5].
• Chitosan was stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 or visualized by ultraviolet transillumination after staining with Calcofluor White M2R [6].
• Calcofluor white M2R staining suggests that the cell wall contains chitin, a eukaryote-specific substance, and rRNA in situ hybridization demonstrates that it is a eukaryote [7].
• A rapid analytical technique for flow cytometric analysis of cell viability using calcofluor white M2R [8].

Biological context of Tinopal UNPA-GX

• Microtiter plate assay of yeast cell number using the fluorescent dye calcofluor white M2R [9].
• Faeces of immunocompromised patients are often contaminated with the chitin-containing spores of microsporidia and Candida, which exclude the use of the chitin-specific fluorescent brightener Calcofluor white M2R for the identification of microsporidian spores [10].
• Five of these brighteners (Tinopal LPW, Blankophor BBH, Blankophor HRS, Blankophor P167, and Blankophor RKH) reduced LD50, whereas three brighteners (Blankophor BSU, Blankophor DML, and Blankophor LPG) had little effect [11].

Anatomical context of Tinopal UNPA-GX

• When these trophozoites were incubated with calcofluor white m2r, fluorescence was observed in cytoplasmic vesicles, suggesting that the material contained in these vesicles corresponded to cyst wall precursors [12].
• Microsporidian-type spores were observed in calcofluor M2R-stained cytological preparations of debrided corneal epithelium [13].

Gene context of Tinopal UNPA-GX

• Chitinolytic marine bacterial strains (30) were isolated from the sea dumps at Bhavnagar, India. They were screened as chitinase producers on the basis of zone of clearance on chitin agar plates incorporated with calcofluor white M2R for the better resolution [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tinopal UNPA-GX

• The main goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three staining techniques (calcofluor white M2R, Giemsa and modified trichrome), and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in detecting the microsporidium Thelohania solenopsae in red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) [15].

References