Disease relevance of trichloro-nitro-methane

• Chloropicrine was 100-fold more potent than chloral in inducing mutations in strain TA100 of S. typhimurium (fluctuation test) and, at variance with chloral, was positive in the SOS chromotest using strain PQ37 of E. coli [1].
• Glutathione activation of chloropicrin in the Salmonella mutagenicity test [2].
• Chloropicrin (CCl3NO2) is a widely used soil fumigant with an unknown mechanism of acute toxicity [3].
• Elevation of CK after chloropicrin exposure has not previously been reported and may represent low-grade rhabdomyolysis [4].
• The model is illustrated using onchocerciasis prevalence data collected from nine West African village communities in 1975 and 1981, before and after the implementation of widespread larvacide controls as part of the O.C.P. in the Upper Volta region [5].

High impact information on trichloro-nitro-methane

• Nitromethane (CH(3)NO(2)) and its chlorinated analogue, chloropicrin (CCl(3)NO(2)), were photolyzed at 193, 248, and 266 nm, and the products were observed by time-dependent Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy [6].
• Tribromonitromethane (bromopicrin), dibromochloronitromethane, bromodichloronitromethane, and trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin) have been identified as drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) [7].
• Analysis of reaction kinetics and initial products suggests that the reaction is SN2 nucleophilic substitution for MeI and 1,3-D but likely reductive dehalogenation for CP [8].
• Batch experiments were performed to investigate the reaction pathways and kinetics of three HNMs (chloropicrin or trichloronitromethane [TCNM], dichloronitromethane [DCNM], and chloronitromethane [CNM]) with zero-valent iron (Fe0) [9].
• In aqueous solution, no direct reaction between MITC and chloropicrin occurred and relatively slow rates of hydrolysis of these compounds were observed in aquatic environments free of suspended solids [10].

Biological context of trichloro-nitro-methane

• InLine, an emulsifiable concentrate containing 60.8% w/w 1,3-D and 33.3% w/w chloropicrin, was injected into polyethylene mulched beds through the drip tubes and water movement in the beds was visualized by adding a blue dye to the injection system [11].
• Soil fumigation with chloropicrin in Italy: experimental results on melon, eggplant and tomato [12].

Anatomical context of trichloro-nitro-methane

• Chest wall pain and possible rhabdomyolysis after chloropicrin exposure. A case series [4].

Associations of trichloro-nitro-methane with other chemical compounds

• For chloropicrin, an extremely rapid oxidation-reduction process occurred in the presence of metam sodium [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of trichloro-nitro-methane

• A quantitative trace-level thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry method was developed for chloropicrin CCl3NO2 using central composite design [14].
• Irrigations subsequent to application reduced soil air concentrations of 1,3-D and chloropicrin and increased water movement, as did the use of two drip tubes instead of one [11].

References