Disease relevance of Thoracic Wall

• Malposition of a subclavian line. Resultant pleural effusions, interstitial pulmonary edema, and chest wall abscess during total parenteral nutrition [1].
• Eight tumors occurred in a radiation field (five in the CNS and three in the head and neck), two occurred outside of a radiation field (one adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon and one epithelioid sarcoma of the chest wall), and three were hematopoietic malignancies [2].
• Neither tumor size nor axillary node metastasis predicted development of chest wall metastasis, but systemic metastases were less common when fewer than four nodes were involved, the primary tumor was well differentiated, and estrogen receptors were positive [3].
• Desmoid tumor with ossification in chest wall: possible involvement of BAMBI promoter hypermethylation in metaplastic bone formation [4].
• The propensity for pacemaker-mediated tachycardia was noninvasively assessed in 17 patients with a unipolar DDD pacemaker using chest wall stimulation [5].

Psychiatry related information on Thoracic Wall

• End-tidal CO2 tensions rose during sleep stages I, II and V (REM) in association with reduced chest wall excursion, suggesting transient episodes of mild hypoventilation which were not associated with arousals [6].
• We then compared, during wakefulness, the effects on FEV1 and methacholine responsiveness from chest wall and abdomen strapping (to maintain FRC at mean sleep levels) for 6 h in the supine and upright postures [7].

High impact information on Thoracic Wall

• Radiotherapy was given to the chest wall and locoregional lymph nodes between the fourth and fifth cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil [8].
• Similarly, Black women were almost twice as likely as White women to have tumors that were larger than 5 cm or tumors that had extensions to the chest wall or skin at presentation [9].
• Patients whose tumors stain for S100A4 and possess involved lymph nodes (P < 0.0001), which are fixed to the chest wall (P = 0.015) or which stain for c-erbB-2 (P = 0.050), show a significant reduction in survival times over those with only S100A4-staining tumors [10].
• Two immunizations of L1 cells each followed by IL-2 administration were given prior to challenge with live L1 cells s.c. on the right chest wall [11].
• Monophasic and single capacitor and dual capacitor biphasic truncated exponential shocks were tested in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs with use of a nonthoracotomy internal defibrillation pathway consisting of a right ventricular catheter electrode and a subcutaneous chest wall patch electrode [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Thoracic Wall

• B., who was receiving cyclophosphamide (CY) for chemotherapy of a localized undifferentiated small cell sarcoma of the chest wall, developed generalized urticaria on three separate occasions immediately after CY administration [13].
• Gallium and thallium scintigraphy in pediatric peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (Askin tumor) of the chest wall [14].
• Fentanyl-induced chest wall rigidity and laryngospasm in preterm and term infants [15].
• Atelectasis and chest wall shape during halothane anesthesia [16].
• Iridium 192 plesiocurietherapy using silicone elastomer plates for extensive locally recurrent breast cancer following chest wall irradiation [17].

Biological context of Thoracic Wall

• The physical stimuli associated with reduction of tidal volume (i.e., changes in lung inflation and chest wall movement) appeared to mediate the attenuated depressor response to the injection of lidocaine into the lateral rostral ventrolateral medulla [18].
• The mechanics of the chest wall was studied in seven asthmatic patients before and during histamine-induced bronchoconstriction (B) [19].
• During the second test, the workload profile was matched to that of the first test (66 watts and same exercise stages) and ventricular pacing rate was incremented via chest wall stimulation and reproduced exactly the heart rate profile of the first test in DDD mode [20].
• These results confirm other studies of the vascular effects of halothane, and do not support the hypothesis that blood volume redistributes from the legs to within the chest wall during anaesthesia [21].
• In this study, we have determined the effects of halothane on respiratory system, pulmonary and chest wall resistive, elastic and viscoelastic mechanical properties, and related the results to findings from lung histology in intact normal rats [22].

Anatomical context of Thoracic Wall

• The effects of diaphragmatic breathing learning on chest wall motion, mechanical efficiency of the respiratory muscles, breathing pattern, and dyspnea sensation were studied in seven patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (FEV1 34 +/- 7% of the predicted value) during loaded and unloaded breathing [23].
• It is concluded that: 1) in contrast to volatile anesthetic agents, ketamine anesthesia has a sparing effect on intercostal muscle activity, which may explain the maintenance of FRC; and 2) changes in chest wall geometry and compliance induced by anesthetic agents must be taken into account for NIM to be valid [24].
• To protect the thoracic wall, an aluminium-lead disc is placed between the gland and the pectoralis muscle [25].
• The macromolecular Gd-labeled dendrimer (a half-life of approximately 80 min) increased the signal-to-noise by 81 +/- 30% in the left ventricle, 43 +/- 22% in the lung periphery, and -4 +/- 5% in the chest wall, thus increasing the contrast of these structures relative to the less vascular surrounding tissues [26].
• RESULTS: Sixteen of the 20 patients with clinically diagnosed costochondritis showed increased technetium uptake at all costochondral junctions bilaterally; six of them also had increased uptake elsewhere on the chest wall (sternum, manubrium, or first rib) [27].

Associations of Thoracic Wall with chemical compounds

• In 12 of these 15 patients, the elevations could be explained by the use of phenothiazine or opiates, or prior irradiation to the chest wall or head [28].
• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Fifteen female patients, who had undergone a radical mastectomy and conventional radiotherapy (60 Gy) in the front chest wall, were entered on a multimodal protocol consisting of initial treatment with radiotherapy and a monthly infusion of liposomal doxorubicin < or =60 mg/m(2) in conjunction with local hyperthermia treatment [29].
• An intraoperative dose of fentanyl (100-200 micrograms i.v.) was administered at the same time as the TTS-fentanyl systems (50-125 micrograms/h) were applied to the antero-lateral chest wall [30].
• Additional imaging planes (coronal or sagittal) appeared useful to study chest wall invasion [31].
• Rats treated with combined chloroquine and chest wall irradiation were compared to rats receiving irradiation alone [32].

Gene context of Thoracic Wall

• Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in postmastectomy chest wall relapse [33].
• We report herein a case of undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma arising in the chest wall with VEGF expression [34].
• METHODS: Three head and neck, one chest wall, and seven extremity synovial sarcomas were evaluated for C-erb-B2 (HER2/neu) expression by immunohistochemistry, Western immunoblotting, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) [35].
• In conclusion, triptans induce vasoconstriction in arteries and veins from the thoracic wall, most likely by activation of 5-HT1B receptors [36].
• COX was also associated with a shorter time to postmastectomy chest wall relapse [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Thoracic Wall

• Four successive protocols evolved, each with three phases, as follows: induction chemotherapy (doxorubicin or mitoxantrone, plus cyclophosphamide; three cycles), radiotherapy (50 Gy in 25 fractions to chest wall and regional nodes), then chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil [CMF]) of progressively shorter duration [37].
• We compared vaccination with C3L5 cells expressing Flt3L (C3Lt-Flt3L) and GM-CSF (C3L5-GMCSF) by injecting 1 x 10(4) cells subcutaneously into the chest wall and then, after 4 weeks, challenging the contralateral chest of tumor-free mice with parental C3L5 cells [38].
• 3. The neurological examination and the QTT indicated three subcategories of PCP: (1) left-sided chest wall pain often associated with hypoesthesia, mechanical allodynia, and elevated thermal thresholds; (2) midline scar pain accompanied primarily by mechanical allodynia; (3) right-sided, relatively infrequent pain [39].
• Patients previously treated by mastectomy plus radiation therapy to the chest wall and regional nodal areas were randomized to receive further radiation and prednisone (R+P), radiation alone (R), or no further treatment (NT) [40].
• CONCLUSION: Neuromuscular blockade does not alter the elastic properties of the lungs, chest wall, or total respiratory system in mechanically ventilated pigs receiving sodium pentobarbital anesthesia to suppress spontaneous breathing efforts [41].

References