Disease relevance of Bronkodyl

• I* was prepared by dehydration of theophylline monohydrate (II) [1].
• The pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its dimethylxanthine metabolites in patients with chronic liver disease [2].
• 1. Serum and salivary concentrations of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) and its dimethylxanthine metabolites were measured in 10 healthy control subjects and in 19 patients with cirrhosis, for up to 96 h following a 400 mg oral caffeine load [2].
• The efficacy of 281.7 mg of theophylline monohydrate and a combination of theophylline (240 mg) + hydroxyzine (7.5 mg) were compared in a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study in 15 patients with chronic reversible bronchial asthma [3].

Psychiatry related information on Bronkodyl

• In order to obtain insight into the pharmacology of caffeine after inhalation in heroin users, the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its dimethylxanthine metabolites were studied [4].

High impact information on Bronkodyl

• Investigation of the Multi-Step Dehydration Reaction of Theophylline Monohydrate Using 2-Dimensional Powder X-ray Diffractometry [5].
• In this study, the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for in-line monitoring of the transformation of theophylline anhydrous to theophylline monohydrate during high-shear wet granulation has been evaluated [6].
• The steady-state pharmacokinetics of a formulation of a 24-hour extended-release theophylline preparation (Uni-Dur) were compared with a twice-daily formulation (Theo-Dur) in healthy volunteers [7].
• The Uni-Dur 400-mg treatment resulted in a significantly higher maximum theophylline serum concentration (6.64 mu g/mL) compared with the Uni-Dur 600-mg fasting treatment (5.33 mu g/mL); however, the correlation between in vivo and in vitro data supports the bioequivalence of the two strengths [8].
• The objective of the present study was to determine if patients with COPD who were taking Theo-Dur bid or tid (total dose 400 to 900 mg per day) could be safely switched to Uni-Dur, 800 mg given qd at bedtime [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bronkodyl

• Different PVP grades showed a variety effects: PVPK12 greatly enhanced the dehydration of both theophylline monohydrate (MT) and carbamazepine dihydrate (DC) [10].
• Anhydrous theophylline was prepared by heating theophylline monohydrate at temperatures between 60 degrees C and 140 degrees C. The effects of dehydration temperatures on the moisture absorption and dissolution behavior of anhydrous theophylline were investigated in this study [11].

Biological context of Bronkodyl

• Theophylline absorption from sustained-release products: comparative steady-state bioavailability of once-daily Theo-Dur, Theo-24, and Uniphyl [12].
• Crystal growth kinetics of theophylline monohydrate [13].
• After three weeks of Uni-Dur therapy, the peak expiratory flow rate, the FEV1, and the FVC were not significantly changed from those at the initial evaluation [9].
• The percentage of the AUC for PX, TB and TP in plasma was similar to the percentage of each dimethylxanthine excreted unmetabolized in urine [14].

Anatomical context of Bronkodyl

• Moreover, dimethylxanthine seems to be a useful aid in studies on G-cell function in man [15].
• The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary caffeine and dimethylxanthine concentrations in breast milk of 40 mothers from different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds [16].

Associations of Bronkodyl with other chemical compounds

• X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the transformation of anhydrous theophylline to theophylline monohydrate during wet granulation [17].
• Twelve healthy nonsmokers were randomly assigned a single dose of the following treatments at weekly intervals: Theo-Dur, Theo-24 or Xanthium orally, or aminophylline intravenously [18].

Gene context of Bronkodyl

• Theo-24 dosing at 1500 or 2100 hr, however, resulted in the best effect on the airways as assessed by the 24-hr mean FEV 1.0 level in 7 of the 8 asthmatic children [19].
• Gastrin release and gastric secretion induced by dimethylxanthine in man [15].
• In a multiple dose cross-over experiment in 12 healthy male adults the bioavailability and sustained release characteristics of new once daily BY912 400 mg theophylline capsules (= B, Byk Gulden Research Laboratories, FRG) were studied using Theo-24 capsules (= T, Searle & Co., USA) as reference [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bronkodyl

• Eighteen healthy, adult, male volunteers received both treatments (600-mg dose of Uni-Dur every morning for 5 doses or 300 mg every 12 hours for 10 doses of Theo-Dur) in a randomized, two-way crossover design with no washout period between treatments [7].
• It was concluded that during the dissolution process the disk is covered with theophylline monohydrate crystals that precipitate from the supersaturated medium adjacent to the disk surface, and that crystallization of theophylline monohydrate is a precipitation process controlled by hydrodynamic and diffusion parameters [21].
• Caffeine and its dimethylxanthine metabolites were measured in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography [22].
• Following oral administration of Somophyllin-CRT or TheoDur, areas under the serum concentration-time curves were greater during the day than the night, with Somophyllin-CRT yielding greater areas than TheoDur for both dosing intervals [23].
• The thermal properties of sodium theophylline monohydrate, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and hot stage microscopy, were studied and compared with those of theophylline monohydrate [24].

References