Disease relevance of PAOX

• The physiological importance of polyamine oxidase mediated trypanolysis is unclear; even at peak parasitemia in cattle (10(7) organisms/ml) it can be calculated that trypanosomes would not release enough spermidine for the generation of sufficient quantities of toxic degradation products [1].

High impact information on PAOX

• Oxidation of the biologically important polyamines spermine and spermidine by plasma amine oxidase (PAO) was specified many years ago to occur at the terminal primary rather than internal secondary amine positions [2].
• We further find no evidence for the ability of PAO to metabolize the secondary amine position in homospermidine, which is devoid of such complicating side reactions [2].
• Our results support the original claimed specificity of PAO for the primary amino termini of polyamines, all of which are consistent with the general finding that the quinone-dependent copper amine oxidases specifically metabolize primary amines [2].
• A method for determining bovine plasma amine oxidase (PAO; EC 1.4.3.6) activity with benzylamine (Bz) as substrate is described [3].
• Analysis of products formed from incubation of dopamine with PAO in tritiated water indicates a stereospecific, pro-R, incorporation of label at C-2 [4].

Biological context of PAOX

• The gene order in Bos taurus is the same as in man, cen-ECHS1-PAOX-MTG1-SPRN-CYP2E1-tel, but PAOX has a different orientation in the two species [5].
• Bovine plasma amine oxidase (PAO) has previously been shown to catalyze a nonstereospecific loss of tritium from [2(R)-3H]- and [2(S)-3H]dopamines, attributed to multiple, catalytically active binding sites for substrate [Summers, M. C., Markovic, R., & Klinman, J. P. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 1969-1979] [4].
• Polyamine oxidase (PAO) is involved in polyamine metabolism and production of hydrogen peroxide in animal and plants, thus representing a key system in development and programmed cell death [6].

Anatomical context of PAOX

• Macrophages contain polyamine oxidase, the reaction products of which are known to be similar to those of RPS polyamine oxidase but different from those of bovine polyamine oxidase [7].

Associations of PAOX with chemical compounds

• Only 2 to 2.5 h of exposure to the reaction mixture (polyamine oxidase, 100 micrograms/ml; spermine, 1 mM) resulted in parasite death [8].
• The observation of pro-R incorporation has provided a straightforward synthetic route to [1(R)-2H,2(R)-3H]- and [1(S)-2H,2(R)-3H]dopamines, which upon oxidation with PAO are expected to be processed preferentially by 1S and 1R cleavage, respectively [4].
• Interaction of bovine serum amine oxidase with the polyamine oxidase inactivator MDL 72527 [9].
• The idea of our work was to examine dexamethasone effects on the metabolism of polyamines, spermine, spermidine and putrescine and polyamine oxidase activity in liver and spleen during sensitization of guinea pigs [10].

References