Disease relevance of Rnf19

• Additionally, sterility is correlated with a high frequency of association of the unpaired chromosome with the XY body, which contains the largely unpaired X and Y chromosomes [1].

High impact information on Rnf19

• Mouse Sycp1 functions in synaptonemal complex assembly, meiotic recombination, and XY body formation [2].
• Fluorescent in situ hybridization and three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy revealed that ring MCs did not participate in meiotic telomere clustering while MC homologues paired at the XY-body periphery [3].
• These changes persist even when the XY body disappears in late pachytene, and the X and Y chromosomes segregate from one another after the first meiotic division [4].
• Based on the formation of the XY body at pachytene and expression studies of a few X-linked genes, the X and Y chromosomes seem to undergo transcriptional inactivation during mammalian spermatogenesis [4].
• During meiotic prophase in male mammals, the X and Y chromosomes are incorporated in the XY body [5].

Biological context of Rnf19

• A novel RING-finger protein, XYbp (XY body protein), participating in mouse spermatogenesis has been identified [6].
• The antiserum raised against the XYbp peptide demonstrated that XYbp is localised mainly in the XY bivalent of spermatocytes (XY body) and in the centrosomes of somatic and germ cells in all phases of the cell cycle [6].
• In mammalian spermatogenesis, the X and Y chromosomes are transcriptionally silenced during the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase (meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, MSCI), forming a condensed chromatin domain termed the sex or XY body [7].
• Localisation of histone macroH2A1.2 to the XY-body is not a response to the presence of asynapsed chromosome axes [8].
• We suggest that compartmentalization of the nucleus into an autosome mass and a fully developed, protruding, metabolically quiescent XY body, is a precondition for the normal progressing of meiosis [9].

Anatomical context of Rnf19

• Transcription of XYbp is regulated during spermatocyte differentiation [6].
• Oocytes of XYTdym1 mice have no XY-body or MSCI despite having an XY chromosome constitution, so the presence or absence of 'XY-body' proteins in association with the X and/or Y chromosome of these oocytes enables some discrimination between potential functions of XY-body located proteins [8].
• We demonstrate here that macroH2A1.2 is present in the nuclei of germ cells starting first with localization that is largely, if not exclusively, to the developing XY-body in early pachytene spermatocytes [10].

Regulatory relationships of Rnf19

• The murine nuclear orphan receptor GCNF is expressed in the XY body of primary spermatocytes [11].

Other interactions of Rnf19

• Moreover, Suv39h2 specifically accumulates with chromatin of the sex chromosomes (XY body) which undergo transcriptional silencing during the first meiotic prophase [12].
• SUMO modified proteins localize to the XY body of pachytene spermatocytes [13].
• Xist RNA is associated with the transcriptionally inactive XY body in mammalian male meiosis [14].
• Since the GCNF protein is accumulated in the XY body of late pachytene spermatocytes, it may be involved in transcriptional inactivation of sex chromosomes [11].
• In mice with the reciprocal T(X;16)16H translocation, XMR was also associated with the heterochromatic translocation product that emerges from the XY body [15].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Rnf19

• Here we report on the identification of an Mr 51,000 protein (p51) that is homogeneously distributed in the XY body of rodents as shown by immunocytochemistry with the novel monoclonal antibody 4EC [16].
• In the present study, we investigated the fine immunolocalization of XMR in the XY body by laser confocal and electron microscopy [15].
• Using laser confocal microscopy we characterized the distribution of XMR in the XY body relative to the XY chromatin and the nucleolus [17].

References