Psychiatry related information on amn

• This is in contrast to the mutations dunce , rutabaga , and amnesiac , which primarily affect short-term memory [1].
• After training with a classical conditioning procedure, two deficiency chromosomes, mal8 and mal12, produced amnesiac-like memory deficits in Df/amn flies but not in Df/ + controls [2].

High impact information on amn

• Moreover, restoration of amn gene expression to these cells reestablishes normal olfactory memory in an amn deletion background [3].
• Mutations in the amnesiac gene in Drosophila affect both memory retention and ethanol sensitivity [3].
• One suppressor mutation that was recovered mapped in the amnesiac (amn) gene [4].
• Notably, both the memory and AMI defects of amn mutants are restored in amn;DCO/+ double mutants, suggesting that AMI is caused by an age-related disruption of amn-dependent memory via PKA activity in mushroom bodies [5].
• This modification occurred only in the alpha branch of the neurons and was blocked by mutation of the amnesiac gene, inhibition of protein synthesis, or the expression of a protein blocker of the transcription factor Creb [6].

Biological context of amn

• The absence of AMI in amn flies is restored by expression of an amn transgene predominantly in DPM cells [7].
• With the use of a UAS-amn(+) transgene, we show complete rescue of memory defects in amn(28A), a mutant allele caused by the insertion of a GAL4 enhancer trap transposon (Moore et al., 1998) [8].
• Blockade of synaptic transmission in the amnesiac-expressing cells disrupts memory, but not learning, suggesting presynaptic and postsynaptic sites for memory formation [9].
• Conditional genetic ablation of neurotransmitter release from these neurons mimics the amnesiac memory phenotypes, suggesting an acute role for amnesiac in memory [10].
• This conclusion is supported by the fact that amn males carrying the Y-linked X-chromosome duplication y+ Ymal106 (which spans 18F4-5 to 20A) produce wild-type learning and memory scores [2].

Associations of amn with chemical compounds

• In addition, 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine reduced the wild-type current to the level seen in amn, whereas it failed to further reduce the current observed in amn muscles [11].
• These results, coupled with previous genetic and anatomical studies, suggest that adult memory formation and ethanol sensitivity have different temporal and spatial requirements for amn [8].
• Mushroom bodies, Ca(2+) oscillations, and the memory gene amnesiac [12].
• We show here that amnesiac, a neurological mutation, and Dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylasetemperature sensitive, a mutation that interferes with synthesis of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, result in slower heart rate and reduced regularity across a normal range of temperatures for these flies [13].

Regulatory relationships of amn

• Since amnesiac encodes peptides that enhance adenylyl cyclase activity, these studies suggest the importance of the cAMP signaling pathway in AMI in Drosophila, a finding consistent with several models of AMI in mammals [14].

Other interactions of amn

• We also show that under these conditions the behavior of PKA-RI males is similar to that of amnesiac, dunce and rutabaga males [15].
• The Drosophila mutants amnesiac, dunce (dnc), and rutabaga were isolated after associative conditioning tests, during which animals were trained to associate the presence of an odor with that of electric shocks (ES) [16].
• Revisiting three paradigmatic mutations altering olfactory learning and memory in Drosophila (dunce, leonardo, amnesiac) a link was established between each mutation and the operation of VDICs in Kenyon cells, the intrinsic neurons of the mushroom bodies (MBs) [17].

References