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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
MeSH Review

X Chromosome

 
 
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Disease relevance of X Chromosome

 

Psychiatry related information on X Chromosome

 

High impact information on X Chromosome

  • The mammalian Y chromosome has unique characteristics compared with the autosomes or X chromosomes [11].
  • Imprinting of these three genes, Xlr3b, Xlr4b and Xlr4c, is independent of X-chromosome inactivation and has a dynamic and complex pattern of tissue and stage specificity [12].
  • The him-8 gene is essential for proper meiotic segregation of the X chromosomes in C. elegans [13].
  • H3.3 replacement occurred prominently at sites of abundant RNA polymerase II and methylated H3 Lys4 throughout the genome and was enhanced on the dosage-compensated male X chromosome [14].
  • DNA methylation is an important component in mammalian gene silencing for normal processes such as gene imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation, and aberrant CpG island hypermethylation at tumor-suppressor promoters is associated with transcriptional silencing and loss of gene function in cancer [15].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of X Chromosome

 

Biological context of X Chromosome

  • We genetically mapped C4 to position 35.66 on the X chromosome and cytogenetically localized it to the polytene chromosome band interval 10C2-10D4 [21].
  • Before the onset of X inactivation, Tsix is expressed from both X chromosomes [22].
  • We localized PIG-A to the X chromosome, which accounts for expression of the recessive phenotype of the somatic mutation and the fact that the same one of the multiple biosynthetic steps is affected in all patients so far characterized [23].
  • This consists of repeats of the tetranucleotide GATA that are concentrated in the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome of mouse, on the W chromosome of snakes, and in the proximal region of the X chromosome of D. melanogaster, and it appears to be transcribed in a sex-specific and developmentally regulated manner [24].
  • The XIST gene is unique among X-linked genes in being expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome [25].
 

Anatomical context of X Chromosome

 

Associations of X Chromosome with chemical compounds

  • Here we report a rare cytosine to guanine mutation in the XIST minimal promoter that underlies both epigenetic and functional differences between the two X chromosomes in nine females from two unrelated families [30].
  • H4 acetylated at lysine 16 is found at numerous sites along the transcriptionally hyperactive X chromosome in male larvae, but not in male autosomes or any chromosome in female cells [31].
  • The nucleotide 5-methylcytosine is involved in processes crucial in mammalian development, such as X-chromosome inactivation and gene imprinting [32].
  • The recently identified gene for an erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthase isoenzyme and its localization to the X chromosome make it likely that one or more defects in this gene underlie the anemia [33].
  • Antibiotics containing trimethoprim and the fragile X chromosome [34].
 

Gene context of X Chromosome

  • Expression of Xist during mouse development suggests a role in the initiation of X chromosome inactivation [35].
  • Expression of msl-2 causes assembly of dosage compensation regulators on the X chromosomes and female lethality in Drosophila [36].
  • The multisubunit MSL dosage compensation complex binds to hundreds of sites along the Drosophila single male X chromosome, mediating its hypertranscription [37].
  • We conclude that Tsix regulates Xist in cis and determines X chromosome choice without affecting silencing [38].
  • We have found that in females, Sxl functions to prevent mle from binding to the two X chromosomes [39].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of X Chromosome

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