High impact information on dlp

• Sdc promotes the growth of presynaptic terminals, whereas Dlp regulates active zone form and function [1].
• Both Sdc and Dlp bind at high affinity to the protein tyrosine phosphatase LAR, a conserved receptor that controls both NMJ growth and active zone morphogenesis [1].
• Drosophila glypicans Dally and Dally-like shape the extracellular Wingless morphogen gradient in the wing disc [2].
• We demonstrate that both Dally and Dlp are essential and have different roles in Wg gradient formation [2].
• In the absence of dally-like, short-range signalling is increased at the expense of long-range signalling (reported by the expression of the target gene distalless) while the reverse is caused by Dally-like overexpression [3].

Biological context of dlp

• Dally-like, however, is strictly necessary for Hedgehog signal transduction [4].
• RNA interference of syndecan in Kc167 cells impaired the binding, but that of dally or dally-like did not [5].
• This condition is similar to CO2-sensitivity, which occurs in flies infected with the maternally transmitted sigma viruus, but is due, at least in part, to the third chromosome mutant gene Dly [6].

Anatomical context of dlp

• The Drosophila genes dally and dally-like encode glypicans, which are heparan sulphate proteoglycans anchored to the cell membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol link [4].
• Genetic analysis of dally-like in wing imaginal discs leads us to a model whereby, at the surface of any given cell of the epithelium, Dally-like captures Wingless but instead of presenting it to signalling receptors expressed in this cell, it passes it on to neighbouring cells, either for paracrine signalling or for further transport [3].

Associations of dlp with chemical compounds

• The two glypicans Dally and Dally-like have been implicated in modulating the activity of Wingless, a member of the Wnt family of secreted glycoprotein [3].
• The heparan sulfate proteoglycans Dally-like and Syndecan have distinct functions in axon guidance and visual-system assembly in Drosophila [7].
• Because earlier work indicated that extracts of delayed-recovery flies could occasionally transmit CO2 sensitivity when injected into resistant recipients, we have tested the possibility that some delayed-recovery stocks contain a sigma-like transmissible virus, in addition to the Dly gene [6].

Physical interactions of dlp

• Thus, spatially regulated modification of Dlp by Notum employs the ligand binding activity of Dlp to promote or inhibit signaling in a context-dependent manner [8].

Regulatory relationships of dlp

• Several lines of evidence implicate heparan sulfate-modified proteoglycans (HSPGs) such as Dally-like protein (Dlp) in the control of Wg distribution and signaling [9].
• Notum-induced shedding of Dlp could convert Dlp from a membrane-tethered coreceptor to a secreted antagonist [8].

Other interactions of dlp

• The glypican Dally-like is required for Hedgehog signalling in the embryonic epidermis of Drosophila [4].
• Epistatic experiments show that Dally-like is required for the reception of the Hedgehog signal, upstream or at the level of the Patched receptor [4].
• In addition, we also studied the expression patterns of two genes with similarity to Drosophila frizzled, T23D8.1 and F27E11.3A, and the ortholog of the Drosophila gene dally-like, gpn-1, which is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan [10].

References