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Gene Review

GPC4  -  glypican 4

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: Glypican-4, K-glypican, UNQ474/PRO937
 
 
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High impact information on GPC4

  • K-glypican: a novel GPI-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is highly expressed in developing brain and kidney [1].
  • In situ hybridization revealed that the major sites of K-glypican expression in developing embryo are tubular epithelial cells in the kidney and proliferating neuroepithelial cells in the brain [1].
  • These results indicate that K-glypican is a novel GPI-anchored HSPG involved in embryonic development [1].
  • Transfection of an epitope-tagged full-length K-glypican cDNA into MDCK cells demonstrated that K-glypican is indeed expressed as a GPI-anchored HSPG [1].
  • Mutational analysis of the GPC3/GPC4 glypican gene cluster on Xq26 in patients with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome: identification of loss-of-function mutations in the GPC3 gene [2].
 

Biological context of GPC4

  • Analysis of DNA samples from eight patients with diagnosis of SGBS identified one individual with a deletion that involves the entire GPC4 gene and the last two exons of GPC3 [3].
  • Recently it has been shown that the GPC4 gene is tightly clustered with GPC3 on the X chromosome and that some patients with SGBS apparently have deletions affecting both genes [4].
  • The tight clustering of GPC3 and GPC4, with deletions that occasionally affect both genes, may be relevant for explaining the variability of the SGBS phenotype [3].
  • One recovered GPC4 cDNA with an open reading frame of 1668nt encodes a putative protein containing three heparan sulfate glycosylation signals and the 14 signature cysteines of the glypican family [5].
  • We found three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the GPC4 gene but no evidence for loss-of-function mutations in GPC4 associated with SGBS [2].
 

Anatomical context of GPC4

 

Other interactions of GPC4

  • This cDNA encodes a predicted protein of 554 amino acids and is structurally analogous to other members of the glypican gene family, but most highly related to glypican-4 [4].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of GPC4

References

  1. K-glypican: a novel GPI-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is highly expressed in developing brain and kidney. Watanabe, K., Yamada, H., Yamaguchi, Y. J. Cell Biol. (1995) [Pubmed]
  2. Mutational analysis of the GPC3/GPC4 glypican gene cluster on Xq26 in patients with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome: identification of loss-of-function mutations in the GPC3 gene. Veugelers, M., Cat, B.D., Muyldermans, S.Y., Reekmans, G., Delande, N., Frints, S., Legius, E., Fryns, J.P., Schrander-Stumpel, C., Weidle, B., Magdalena, N., David, G. Hum. Mol. Genet. (2000) [Pubmed]
  3. GPC4, the gene for human K-glypican, flanks GPC3 on xq26: deletion of the GPC3-GPC4 gene cluster in one family with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome. Veugelers, M., Vermeesch, J., Watanabe, K., Yamaguchi, Y., Marynen, P., David, G. Genomics (1998) [Pubmed]
  4. GPC6, a novel member of the glypican gene family, encodes a product structurally related to GPC4 and is colocalized with GPC5 on human chromosome 13. Paine-Saunders, S., Viviano, B.L., Saunders, S. Genomics (1999) [Pubmed]
  5. Glypican 3 and glypican 4 are juxtaposed in Xq26.1. Huber, R., Mazzarella, R., Chen, C.N., Chen, E., Ireland, M., Lindsay, S., Pilia, G., Crisponi, L. Gene (1998) [Pubmed]
  6. Expression of glypican-4 in haematopoietic-progenitor and bone-marrow-stromal cells. Siebertz, B., Stöcker, G., Drzeniek, Z., Handt, S., Just, U., Haubeck, H.D. Biochem. J. (1999) [Pubmed]
  7. Glypican-4 is an FGF2-binding heparan sulfate proteoglycan expressed in neural precursor cells. Hagihara, K., Watanabe, K., Chun, J., Yamaguchi, Y. Dev. Dyn. (2000) [Pubmed]
  8. Expression of neural markers in human umbilical cord blood. Sanchez-Ramos, J.R., Song, S., Kamath, S.G., Zigova, T., Willing, A., Cardozo-Pelaez, F., Stedeford, T., Chopp, M., Sanberg, P.R. Exp. Neurol. (2001) [Pubmed]
 
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