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TCF15  -  transcription factor 15 (basic helix-loop...

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: BHLHA40, BHLHEC2, Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 40, EC2, PARAXIS, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of TCF15

  • To investigate the possible association of bHLH-EC2 with hematological malignancy, the chromosomal location of this gene in the human was mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization and assigned to chromosome band 20p13 [1].
  • Uterine papillary serous carcinoma was described to have a biological behavior similar to that of papillary ovarian carcinoma and is encountered in a group of patients with more invasive and less differentiated EC2 [2].
  • EC1 had an increased level of expression in carcinomas (P<0.001), while EC2 was expressed at a lower level (P=0.004) [3].
  • In paired sera rising antibody titres were found against an adeno-like agent isolated and the picornavirus (EC2/71) isolated in Singapore. The epidemics in south-east Asia were caused by a picornavirus while in Lucknow both adenovirus and picornavirus appeared to be implicated [4].
 

High impact information on TCF15

  • In terms of FcR-Ig interactions characterized thus far, this location is unique and surprising because it has been shown previously that leukocyte FcgammaRs and FcepsilonRI bind Ig via sites principally located in their EC2 domains [5].
  • In situ hybridization studies of mouse embryos reveal that bHLH-EC2 is expressed throughout the primitive mesoderm as early as 7.5 days postcoitum [6].
  • This tissue does not form somites, yet expresses the somitic markers Lbx1, Pax7 and Paraxis in a regionalised fashion [7].
  • One of the signals is Wnt-6, which plays a unique role in promoting limb myogenesis via Pax3/Paraxis-Myf5, whereas the other putative signaling pathway involving MyoD expression is negatively regulated by Wnt-6 signaling [8].
  • Extraepithelial, extraglandular endocrine cells of types EC1 and EC2 occur in the lamina propria of the normal appendix [9].
 

Biological context of TCF15

  • To provide for studies aimed at understanding the genetic regulation of bHLH-EC2, we have characterized the organization of this gene and conducted preliminary studies of the transcriptional activity of the upstream promoter region [1].
  • The mouse bHLH-EC2 gene was found to consist of two exons separated by a 5-kb intron, an organization pattern similar to the mouse twist gene [1].
 

Anatomical context of TCF15

  • These findings suggest that bHLH-EC2 plays a role in the development of multiple cell types derived from the primitive mesoderm [6].
  • Monolayers of immobilized and fixed bacteria were used here to separate T cells into BA-T1T2, adherent to Escherichia coli-2 (EC-2+) and BA-T3T4, non-adherent to this strain of bacteria (Ec-2-) (our denomination) [10].
  • This was not the case, D, G, EC1, EC2, ECn, D1, and intestinal gastrin cells have characteristic secretory granules and, when sufficient granules are present, can be identified consistently on the basis of morphologic criteria [11].
  • The endocrine cell (type EC1 and EC2 cell) and the polyaxonal non-myelinated nerve fibre are separated from the interstitial connective tissue by a common continuous basal lamina [12].
 

Other interactions of TCF15

  • Rac1 activity needs to be precisely controlled for proper epithelialization through the bHLH transcription factor Paraxis [13].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of TCF15

  • For the intra-individual study, two successive recordings of 2.3 min eyes closed (EC1 and EC2), obtained at 50 min intervals, were compared by paired exact permutation Fisher tests (over 15 or 42 synchronous EEG sequences) [14].

References

  1. Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the gene TCF15 encoding the early mesodermal basic helix-loop-helix factor bHLH-EC2. Hidai, H., Quertermous, E.E., Espinosa, R., LeBeau, M.M., Quertermous, T. Genomics (1995) [Pubmed]
  2. Two types of endometrial papillary neoplasm. A morphometric study. Deligdisch, L., Gil, J., Heller, D., Cohen, C.J. Pathol. Res. Pract. (1992) [Pubmed]
  3. Altered protein expression in endometrial carcinogenesis. Yoshizaki, T., Enomoto, T., Nakashima, R., Ueda, Y., Kanao, H., Yoshino, K., Fukumoto, M., Yoneda, Y., Buzard, G.S., Murata, Y. Cancer Lett. (2005) [Pubmed]
  4. An epidemic of picornavirus and adenovirus conjunctivitis. Chaturvedi, U.C., Mathur, A., Singh, U.K., Kapoor, A.K., Mehrotra, R.M., Saxena, R.C. The British journal of ophthalmology. (1975) [Pubmed]
  5. Immunoglobulin-binding sites of human FcalphaRI (CD89) and bovine Fcgamma2R are located in their membrane-distal extracellular domains. Morton, H.C., van Zandbergen, G., van Kooten, C., Howard, C.J., van de Winkel, J.G., Brandtzaeg, P. J. Exp. Med. (1999) [Pubmed]
  6. Cloning and characterization of a basic helix-loop-helix protein expressed in early mesoderm and the developing somites. Quertermous, E.E., Hidai, H., Blanar, M.A., Quertermous, T. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1994) [Pubmed]
  7. Distinct regulatory cascades for head and trunk myogenesis. Mootoosamy, R.C., Dietrich, S. Development (2002) [Pubmed]
  8. Ectodermal Wnt-6 promotes Myf5-dependent avian limb myogenesis. Geetha-Loganathan, P., Nimmagadda, S., Pröls, F., Patel, K., Scaal, M., Huang, R., Christ, B. Dev. Biol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  9. "Extraepithelial enterochromaffin cell--nerve-fibre complexes" in the normal human appendix, and in neurogenic appendicopathy. Auböck, L., Ratzenhofer, M. J. Pathol. (1982) [Pubmed]
  10. Specific cytotoxicity of human lymphocyte subpopulations defined by bacterial adherence. Spear, G.T., Teodorescu, M. Clin. Exp. Immunol. (1985) [Pubmed]
  11. Electron microscopic definition of intestinal endocrine cells: immunogold localization and review. Dobbins, W.O., Austin, L.L. Ultrastructural pathology. (1991) [Pubmed]
  12. Extraepithelial intraneural endocrine cells as starting-points for gastrointestinal carcinoids. Auböck, L., Höfler, H. Virchows Archiv. A, Pathological anatomy and histopathology. (1983) [Pubmed]
  13. Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition during somitic segmentation: a novel approach to studying the roles of Rho family GTPases in morphogenesis. Takahashi, Y., Sato, Y., Suetsugu, R., Nakaya, Y. Cells Tissues Organs (Print) (2005) [Pubmed]
  14. Inter- and intra-individual probability maps in EEG cartography by use of nonparametric Fisher tests. Etévenon, P., Bertaut, A., Mitermite, F., Eustache, F., Lepaisant, J., Lechevalier, B., Zarifian, E. Brain topography. (1989) [Pubmed]
 
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