Disease relevance of Basement Membrane

• Extracts of the EHS tumor, which produces an extracellular matrix containing basement membrane components, were tested for their ability to promote attachment to cycloheximide-treated PAM 212 cells [1].
• Perlecan, the major proteoglycan of basement membranes, is altered in patients with Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (chondrodystrophic myotonia) [2].
• We have addressed this issue by administering a neutralizing anti-MIF antibody in a rat model of immunologically induced crescentic anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis [3].
• The results of the present study show that bilaterally vasectomized rabbits with high levels of antibodies to sperm antigens frequently develop an orchitis associated with granular deposits of rabbit IgG and C3 in the basement membranes of seminiferous tubules [4].
• Dystroglycan is selectively cleaved at the parenchymal basement membrane at sites of leukocyte extravasation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis [5].

Psychiatry related information on Basement Membrane

• Small blood vessels were characterised by duplicated basement membranes and deposition of beta-amyloid protein, the main component of the neuronal and non-neuronal amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease [6].

High impact information on Basement Membrane

• There is convincing, though indirect, evidence that the extracellular matrix and particularly the type IV collagen in the lamina densa of the basement membrane is the main stress-bearing component of the blood-gas barrier [7].
• Basement membranes of endothelium, like those of other tissues, are composed of laminins, type IV collagens, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and nidogens [8].
• Endothelial cells of the blood and lymphatic vasculature are polarized cells with luminal surfaces specialized to interact with inflammatory cells upon the appropriate stimulation; they contain specialized transcellular transport systems, and their basal surfaces are attached to an extracellular basement membrane [8].
• We have identified the fos transcription factor ortholog fos-1 as a critical regulator of basement-membrane removal [9].
• Primary cultures of gastric epithelial cells from Ptprz+/+ and Ptprz-/- mice also showed similar incorporation of VacA, cellular vacuolation and reduction in cellular proliferation, but only Ptprz+/+ cells showed marked detachment from a reconstituted basement membrane 24 h after treatment with VacA [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Basement Membrane

• Insofar as high ambient glucose in vitro elicits the same effect, it may be proposed that basement membrane thickening in diabetes results from enhanced synthesis of specialized component molecules sustained by hyperglycemia [11].
• Glomerular arachidonate cyclooxygenation by isolated rat glomeruli was assessed in vitro in antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody-induced glomerulonephritis by radioimmunoassay for prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxane [12].
• In diabetes mellitus abnormal quantiites of glycoprotein may be formed in the basement membrane of the glomerulus and both renal function and size may increase [13].
• At the time of death the donor had proteinuria but normal serum creatinine, and on histological examination the kidneys showed features of established diabetic nephropathy including diffuse glomerulosclerosis and thickening of mesangial matrix and capillary basement membranes [14].
• The basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan produced by the Englebreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor and by glomeruli were compared by immunological methods [15].

Biological context of Basement Membrane

• Laminin, a substrate adhesion molecule in vertebrates, is a large glycoprotein complex in basement membranes that promotes cell adhesion, cell migration, and neurite outgrowth [16].
• Integrin alpha 7 beta 1 is a specific cellular receptor for the basement membrane protein laminin-1 (refs 1,2), as well as for the laminin isoforms -2 and -4 (ref. 3). The alpha 7 subunit is expressed mainly in skeletal and cardiac muscle and has been suggested to be involved in differentiation and migration processes during myogenesis [17].
• We suggest that PS2, like vertebrate fibronectin receptors, mediates changes in cell shape and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion by binding to a basement membrane protein [18].
• They have overlapping binding sites for several basement-membrane proteins, tropoelastin, fibrillin, fibronectin and proteoglycans, and they participate in diverse supramolecular structures [19].
• Upon implantation, presumptive evx1- homozygotes elicit a decidual response, invade the uterine epithelium, and attach to the basement membrane between uterine stroma and epithelium, but fail to differentiate extraembryonic tissues or to form egg cylinders prior to resorption [20].

Anatomical context of Basement Membrane

• The presence of LETS protein and GP-2 in basement membranes suggests that there are subtle interactions which are important in adhesion of epithelial cells to basement membranes [21].
• The protein agrin, originally isolated from the basal lamina of the synaptic cleft, is synthesized and secreted by motoneurons and triggers formation of AChR clusters on cultured myotubes [22].
• We studied the relation between the control of blood glucose and the width of skeletal-muscle capillary basement membrane in 23 insulin-dependent (Type I) diabetic patients [23].
• The antibody reacted with mouse, rabbit, dog, sheep, monkey, Sprague-Dawley and Lewis/Brown Norway rat tubular basement membranes, but not with that of Lewis rat or guinea pig, or with human skin, thyroid, parotid, lung, liver or pancreas [24].
• The kidney revealed linear staining of tubular basement membranes with antiserums specific for human IgG and C3; the membranes also showed fixation of heterologous complement [24].

Associations of Basement Membrane with chemical compounds

• We examined the expression of laminin, a basement membrane glycoprotein, during this conversion [25].
• Both integrin complexes are receptors for laminins, major components of basement membranes [26].
• Both collagens resemble previously characterized type IV basement-membrane collagens with respect to their amino acid composition, cyanogen bromide peptides, chain size, immunological reactivity and tissue localization [27].
• In the patients receiving placebo the mean width of the muscle capillary basement membrane increased from 135.9 +/- 9.0 nm (S.E.M.) to 169.3 +/- 9.5 nm (P = 0.01), but in those receiving glipizide the value decreased to a level no different from that in subjects without diabetes: from 152.9 +/- 2.9 to 127.5 +/- 5.1 nm (P = 0.01) [28].
• We report here that in F9 12-1 cells exposed to retinoic acid, synthesis of the SV40 A gene product(s), T and tumour-associated specific antigens (TASA), parallels the appearance of the normal hallmarks of differentiation in this cell line, H-2 antigens and the basement membrane protein laminin [29].

Gene context of Basement Membrane

• The ultrastructure of basement membranes and the deposition of laminin within them, however, appears unaffected in Dg-deficient muscles [30].
• Perlecan, basal lamina proteoglycan, promotes basic fibroblast growth factor-receptor binding, mitogenesis, and angiogenesis [31].
• The USH2A gene encodes a protein with a predicted size of 171.5 kilodaltons that has laminin epidermal growth factor and fibronectin type III motifs; these motifs are most commonly observed in proteins comprising components of the basal lamina and extracellular matrixes and in cell adhesion molecules [32].
• Here, we demonstrate that the unc-52 gene encodes a nematode homolog of perlecan, the mammalian basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan [33].
• TIMP-1 protected basement membrane type IV collagen from degradation by exogenous gelatinase B in cryostat sections of nerve in vitro [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Basement Membrane

• Nonhelical, fibronectin-binding basement-membrane collagen from endodermal cell culture [27].
• Immunoblotting was performed on epidermal and dermal extracts prepared from skin separated at the basement membrane zone with either sodium chloride or EDTA [35].
• The thickness and density of tenascin, lumican, and procollagen III in the reticular basement membrane (RBM) were quantified immunohistochemically by confocal microscopy [36].
• Haptoglobin angiogenic activity was confirmed in two in vivo models using an implanted disc and a subcutaneous injection of basement membrane [37].
• Protein A-gold immunocytochemistry was applied in combination with morphometrical approaches to reveal the alpha 1(IV), alpha 2(IV), and alpha 3(IV) chains of type IV collagen as well as entactin on renal basement membranes, particularly on the glomerular one, during maturation [38].

References