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Gene Review

embB  -  arabinosyltransferase

Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551

 
 
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Disease relevance of embB

 

High impact information on embB

  • All three mutants were viable, and among the three, the slowest growing embB(-) mutant encountered profound morphological changes and exhibited a higher sensitivity to hydrophobic drugs and detergents, presumably due to an increase in cell wall permeability [2].
  • Upon complementation with the embB and embA wild-type genes, the phenotype of the mutants reverted to wild-type, in that normal AG was resynthesized [2].
  • In Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, they belong to an operon comprising three genes, embC, embA, and embB [2].
  • Furthermore, chemical analyses showed that there was a diminution in the arabinose content of arabinogalactan from the embA(-) and embB(-) mutants [2].
  • Significance of Mutations in embB Codon 306 for Prediction of Ethambutol Resistance in Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates [3].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of embB

 

Biological context of embB

  • Role of embB codon 306 mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis revisited: a novel association with broad drug resistance and IS6110 clustering rather than ethambutol resistance [5].
  • Substitutions in the embB gene were found by SSCP analysis in 15 (45%) and by sequencing in 17 (52%) of the 33 EMB-resistant isolates [6].
 

Anatomical context of embB

  • Most isolates (68%) with resistance-associated mutations in a single gene had nucleotide changes in embB, a gene encoding an arabinosyltransferase involved in cell wall biosynthesis [7].
  • Here, we describe a simple and culture-independent technique to detect embB codon 306 mutations directly from sputum samples, requiring little more than a PCR machine and a simple agarose minigel [8].
 

Associations of embB with chemical compounds

  • Role of embB in natural and acquired resistance to ethambutol in mycobacteria [1].
  • We also designed probes to examine codon 315 of katG and codon 306 of embB for mutations associated with resistance to isoniazid and ethambutol, respectively [9].
  • The beta(1-->2) arabinosyl transferase activity was more in evidence in the presence of the O-alkyl disaccharide acceptor, whereas both transferases were about equivalent in the presence of the S-alkyl trisaccharide acceptor [10].
 

Other interactions of embB

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of embB

References

  1. Role of embB in natural and acquired resistance to ethambutol in mycobacteria. Alcaide, F., Pfyffer, G.E., Telenti, A. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997) [Pubmed]
  2. The role of the embA and embB gene products in the biosynthesis of the terminal hexaarabinofuranosyl motif of Mycobacterium smegmatis arabinogalactan. Escuyer, V.E., Lety, M.A., Torrelles, J.B., Khoo, K.H., Tang, J.B., Rithner, C.D., Frehel, C., McNeil, M.R., Brennan, P.J., Chatterjee, D. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) [Pubmed]
  3. Significance of Mutations in embB Codon 306 for Prediction of Ethambutol Resistance in Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates. Plinke, C., Rüsch-Gerdes, S., Niemann, S. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2006) [Pubmed]
  4. Novel mutations within the embB gene in ethambutol-susceptible clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lee, A.S., Othman, S.N., Ho, Y.M., Wong, S.Y. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2004) [Pubmed]
  5. Role of embB codon 306 mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis revisited: a novel association with broad drug resistance and IS6110 clustering rather than ethambutol resistance. Hazbón, M.H., Bobadilla del Valle, M., Guerrero, M.I., Varma-Basil, M., Filliol, I., Cavatore, M., Colangeli, R., Safi, H., Billman-Jacobe, H., Lavender, C., Fyfe, J., García-García, L., Davidow, A., Brimacombe, M., León, C.I., Porras, T., Bose, M., Chaves, F., Eisenach, K.D., Sifuentes-Osornio, J., Ponce de León, A., Cave, M.D., Alland, D. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2005) [Pubmed]
  6. Characterisation of rpsL, rrs and embB mutations associated with streptomycin and ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tracevska, T., Jansone, I., Nodieva, A., Marga, O., Skenders, G., Baumanis, V. Res. Microbiol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  7. Molecular genetic analysis of nucleotide polymorphisms associated with ethambutol resistance in human isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ramaswamy, S.V., Amin, A.G., Göksel, S., Stager, C.E., Dou, S.J., El Sahly, H., Moghazeh, S.L., Kreiswirth, B.N., Musser, J.M. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2000) [Pubmed]
  8. Detection of embB codon 306 mutations in ethambutol resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from sputum samples: a low-cost, rapid approach. Rinder, H., Mieskes, K.T., Tortoli, E., Richter, E., Casal, M., Vaquero, M., Cambau, E., Feldmann, K., Löscher, T. Mol. Cell. Probes (2001) [Pubmed]
  9. Dual-probe assay for rapid detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by real-time PCR. Wada, T., Maeda, S., Tamaru, A., Imai, S., Hase, A., Kobayashi, K. J. Clin. Microbiol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  10. Mycobacterial arabinan biosynthesis: the use of synthetic arabinoside acceptors in the development of an arabinosyl transfer assay. Lee, R.E., Brennan, P.J., Besra, G.S. Glycobiology (1997) [Pubmed]
  11. Nucleotide Polymorphism Associated with Ethambutol Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Srivastava, S., Garg, A., Ayyagari, A., Nyati, K.K., Dhole, T.N., Dwivedi, S.K. Curr. Microbiol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  12. Mutations in the embB locus among Korean clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to ethambutol. Lee, H.Y., Myoung, H.J., Bang, H.E., Bai, G.H., Kim, S.J., Kim, J.D., Cho, S.N. Yonsei Med. J. (2002) [Pubmed]
 
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