Disease relevance of Microbial Sensitivity Tests

• To monitor temporal trends and regional differences in antibiotic susceptibility, we measured the minimum inhibitory concentrations for penicillin G, ampicillin, tetracycline, and spectinomycin of 4405 pre-treatment gonococcal isolates from patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea [1].
• In vitro, Haemophilus influenzae strains have two distinct patterns of susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ); strains with low minimum inhibitory concentration and high minimum bactericidal concentration (tolerant) and those with both low minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration (kill-sensitive) [2].
• Peak serum concentrations of azithromycin were equal to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the infecting Shigella strains, whereas serum concentrations of ciprofloxacin were 28 times the MIC [3].
• Similar to ovine cathelicidin SMAP-29, putatively mature fowlicidins displayed potent and salt-independent activities against a range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in the range of 0.4-2.0 microm for most strains [4].
• Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), spoT, and cya or crp mutations individually do not affect the minimum inhibitory concentration of mecillinam on Salmonella typhimurium [5].

High impact information on Microbial Sensitivity Tests

• For patients receiving the procaine penicillin-probenecid and ampicillin-probenecid regimens, minimum inhibitory concentrations to the treatment drugs were significantly higher in patients not cured than in those cured (P less than 0.01 fr penicillin and P less than 0.05 for ampicillin) [1].
• We report here that selected mutants had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 640 micrograms ml-1, a 32,000-fold increase and 64-fold greater than any published TEM-1 derived enzyme [6].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Trends in macrolide use (1993-1999) and resistance and factors associated with resistance, including examination of 2 subtypes, the M phenotype, associated with moderate minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and the MLS(B) phenotype, associated with high MICs and clindamycin resistance [7].
• Minimum inhibitory concentrations for amikacin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, piperacillin, and piperacillin-tazobactam were determined using E test [8].
• Minimum inhibitory concentrations of sulphamethoxazole and eight other antimicrobials were determined [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Microbial Sensitivity Tests

• The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefmenoxime required to inhibit at least 90 percent of strains tested (MIC90) ranged from 0.12 to 8 micrograms/ml for Enterobacteriaceae [10].
• The CSF concentrations of isoniazid and pyrazinamide were well above the minimum inhibitory concentration for Mycobacterium tuberculosis [11].
• Rapid method for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of ampicillin for Haemophilus influenzae [12].
• The minimum inhibitory concentrations of these derivatives for 90% of a group of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were one-half to one-fourth those of erythromycin [13].
• The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefotaxime against members of the genus Bacteroides ranged from 0.0625 to greater than 256 mg/L [14].

Biological context of Microbial Sensitivity Tests

• The pmrA-pmrB operon was also found to be activated by a number of cationic peptides including polymyxins B and E, cattle indolicidin and synthetic variants as well as LL-37, a component of human innate immunity, whereas peptides with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations tended to be the weakest inducers [15].
• Clinical use of ceftriaxone: a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic perspective on the impact of minimum inhibitory concentration and serum protein binding [16].
• Introduction of this mutation into the chromosome of a fluoroquinolone-susceptible strain by plasmid integration resulted in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of NorA substrates being increased, fluoroquinolone uptake being reduced, and norA expression being enhanced [17].
• METHODS: We screened 13 fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and 21 fluconazole-resistant C. tropicalis strains (minimum inhibitory concentration >128 mg/L), isolated from patients with AIDS, for the presence of defined point mutations by comparing conventional cycle sequencing with a newly designed LightCycler-based assay [18].
• BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We describe the first cluster of persons with Neisseria gonorrhoeae with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin (AziDS; minimum inhibitory concentration >/=1.0 microg/mL) in the United States.GOAL The goal of this study was to identify risk factors for AziDS N. gonorrhoeae and to describe isolate microbiology [19].

Anatomical context of Microbial Sensitivity Tests

• The levels of lomefloxacin in serum and prostatic tissue were found to be higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for most urinary tract pathogens [20].
• Loracarbef achieves middle-ear and interstitial-fluid levels that generally exceed the minimum inhibitory concentrations for common bacterial pathogens [21].
• Of 19 patients with pretreatment minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for clarithromycin < 16 micrograms/ml, 58% became sputum-negative, and 21% showed significant reductions in sputum positivity [22].
• Cerebrospinal fluid antibiotic concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration at the 90% value, as observed in all patients treated with cefotaxime, offer the most hope for long-term prognosis [23].
• Sixteen weeks after implantation, 2 X 10(6) colony-forming units of a strain of Escherichia coli susceptible to cefazolin (minimum inhibitory concentration, 1.0 microgram/ml) and cefamandole (minimum inhibitory concentration, less than 0.125 microgram/ml) was introduced into each of the 12 capsules [24].

Associations of Microbial Sensitivity Tests with chemical compounds

• There was no significant correlation between the minimum inhibitory concentrations of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin [25].
• Isolates from patients who failed to clear the organism from their stools or who had cholera soon after tetracycline prophylaxis had increased minimum inhibitory concentrations of the drug [26].
• The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) by agar dilution were 1.0 microgram/ml for penicillin and 16 microgram/ml for chloramphenicol [27].
• The isolates had low-level resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (mode minimum inhibitory concentration of cefotaxime, 2 mg/l) but remained sensitive to cephamycins [28].
• The geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftriaxone for 79 pre-treatment isolates of N gonorrhoeae was 0.0058 microgram/ml, and all strains were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.063 micrograms/ml [29].

Gene context of Microbial Sensitivity Tests

• To evaluate the potentially antagonistic effect of HPII catalase on INH susceptibility, the katE gene was transformed into M. tuberculosis H37Rv and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for INH was determined [30].
• Lag-phase D39 exhibited enhanced TLR2 activation after exposure to penicillin at levels below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); in contrast, early log-phase S. pneumoniae were most active when exposed to the MIC [31].
• The minimum inhibitory concentration of kanamycin determined in the B. subtilis argC-neo transcriptional fusion pUL730 and expression of the argF gene product, ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCTase), in pUL800 were reduced by approximately 3 and 2 fold respectively under conditions of arginine excess and in the presence of pUL2030 [32].
• Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) and geometric mean MICs for sparfloxacin were as follows (mg/l): P. aeruginosa 128-23.7, E. cloacae 1-0.13, A. anitratus 2-0.14, K. pneumoniae 1-0.08, MRSA 16-0.98, MSSA 0.12-0.03, MRSE 0.25-0.12 and MSSE 0.12-0.05 [33].
• Marked reductions in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for a wide spectrum of beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates were found [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Microbial Sensitivity Tests

• Susceptibility to metronidazole was tested in 29 isolates before and in seven isolates after treatment with metronidazole by disc diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration assay [35].
• The minimum inhibitory concentrations of six antitumor drugs, cytarabine, dactinomycin, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, and vinblastine, determined for each of the test organisms, showed that 5-fluorouracil, dactinomycin, and doxorubicin are used at blood levels sufficient to interfere with bioassay procedures [36].
• The conclusion is drawn that, in patients undergoing total hip joint arthroplasties, gentamicin concentrations reach local levels higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations of most of the likely sensitive pathogens [37].
• In cell culture, this inhibitor reversed the resistance of bacteria to ampicillin, reducing minimum inhibitory concentrations of this penicillin by between 4- and 64-fold, depending on the strain of bacteria [38].
• Subsequently, we determined the susceptibilities of 75 such isolates by the MS-2 and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods and measured the minimum inhibitory concentrations of methicillin, oxacillin, and cephalothin for 33 of the 75 isolates by standardized agar dilution techniques [39].

References