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Gene Review:

acs - acetyl-CoA synthetase

Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655

Synonyms: ECK4062, JW4030, acsA, yfaC

Kumari, S. et al., Nyström, T. et al., Hashimoto, Y. et al., Kumari, S. et al., Phue, J.N. et al., et al.

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Disease relevance of acs

We subcloned acs, the Escherichia coli open reading frame purported to encode Acs (F. R. Blattner, V. Burland, G. Plunkett III, H. J. Sofia, and D. L. Daniels, Nucleic Acids Res. 21:5408-5417, 1993) [1].
Two open reading frames (nhpS and acsA) were identified immediately downstream of the previously described Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 nitrile hydratase (NHase) gene cluster (encoding aldoxime dehydratase, amidase, the two NHase subunits, and an uncharacterized protein) [2].

High impact information on acs

The acsA gene product expressed in Escherichia coli showed acyl-CoA synthetase activity toward butyric acid and CoA as substrates, with butyryl-CoA being synthesized [2].
On the basis of these results, we propose that cells induce acs, and thus their ability to assimilate acetate, in response to rising cyclic AMP levels, falling oxygen partial pressure, and the flux of carbon through acetate-associated pathways [3].
Relative to wild-type cells, those deleted for acs did not activate acetate as well, those deleted for ackA and pta displayed even less activity, and those deleted for all three genes did not activate acetate at any concentration tested [1].
Expression of acs from a multicopy plasmid restored growth to cells deleted for all three genes [1].
We constructed a mutant allele, delta acs::Km, with the central 0.72-kb BclI-BclI portion of acs deleted, and recombined it into the chromosome [1].

Biological context of acs

We investigated acs gene expression by using a cat transcriptional fusion [4].

Associations of acs with chemical compounds

Acetyl coenzyme A synthetase (Acs) activates acetate to acetyl coenzyme A through an acetyladenylate intermediate; two other enzymes, acetate kinase (Ack) and phosphotransacetylase (Pta), activate acetate through an acetyl phosphate intermediate [1].
The diauxic type of growth may be attributed to the failure of cells to form acetyl coenzyme A synthetase and to form isocitrate lyase and malate synthase of the glyoxalate bypass, needed for the assimilation of the produced acetate, until glucose or gluconate has been completely exhausted [5].

Other interactions of acs

The transcript of acs is higher in E. coli BL21 and lower in the E. coli JM109, while the reverse is true for poxB transcription [6].

References

Cloning, characterization, and functional expression of acs, the gene which encodes acetyl coenzyme A synthetase in Escherichia coli. Kumari, S., Tishel, R., Eisenbach, M., Wolfe, A.J. J. Bacteriol. (1995) [Pubmed]
Nitrile pathway involving acyl-CoA synthetase: overall metabolic gene organization and purification and characterization of the enzyme. Hashimoto, Y., Hosaka, H., Oinuma, K., Goda, M., Higashibata, H., Kobayashi, M. J. Biol. Chem. (2005) [Pubmed]
Regulation of acetyl coenzyme A synthetase in Escherichia coli. Kumari, S., Beatty, C.M., Browning, D.F., Busby, S.J., Simel, E.J., Hovel-Miner, G., Wolfe, A.J. J. Bacteriol. (2000) [Pubmed]
Involvement of iclR and rpoS in the induction of acs, the gene for acetyl coenzyme A synthetase of Escherichia coli K-12. Shin, S., Song, S.G., Lee, D.S., Pan, J.G., Park, C. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (1997) [Pubmed]
Isolation and properties of a mutant of Escherichia coli with an insertional inactivation of the uspA gene, which encodes a universal stress protein. Nyström, T., Neidhardt, F.C. J. Bacteriol. (1993) [Pubmed]
Transcription levels of key metabolic genes are the cause for different glucose utilization pathways in E. coli B (BL21) and E. coli K (JM109). Phue, J.N., Shiloach, J. J. Biotechnol. (2004) [Pubmed]

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