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Chemical Compound Review

butyryl-CoA     [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6- aminopurin-9-yl)-2...

Synonyms: butanoyl-CoA, S-butyryl-CoA, S-butanoyl-CoA, C4:0-CoA, CHEBI:15517, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of butyryl-CoA

 

High impact information on butyryl-CoA

  • A soluble extract of rat liver mitochondria catalyzed the isomerization of 2-trans-5-cis-octadienoyl-CoA to 2-trans-4-trans-octadienoyl-CoA, which upon addition of NADPH, NAD+, and CoA was chain-shortened to hexanoyl-CoA, butyryl-CoA, and acetyl-CoA [6].
  • In contrast, mitochondrial butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase [butyryl-CoA: (acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC 1.3.99.2] activity in these cells was preserved at normal levels [7].
  • Hence, the possible involvement of the rat hepatic microsomal short chain beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase, short chain beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase, and the previously reported short chain trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase in the hepatic utilization of acetoacetyl-CoA and in the synthesis of butyryl-CoA for hepatic lipogenesis is discussed [8].
  • The rate constant for reaction at 565 nm is approximately 12 s-1 ((butyryl-CoA) = 2.5 x 10(-5) M, pH 8.6), and the 450 nm rate profile can be fit to a rate equation for two sequential reactions of rate constant 12 s-1 and 3.4 s-1, the amount of flavin reduction in each kinetic step being approximately 50% [9].
  • We have shown that we can produce butyryl-CoA at levels of up to 50% of the total CoA pool in Escherichia coli cells that overexpress the acetoacetyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA transferase, AtoAD (EC 2.8.3.8), in media supplemented with butyrate [10].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of butyryl-CoA

 

Biological context of butyryl-CoA

  • The active-site mutant Glu367Gln SCAD inactivates the reductive and oxidative pathways and allows the effects of substrate (butyryl-CoA) and product (crotonyl-CoA) binding on the redox properties of the Glu367Gln SCAD mutant protein to be determined separately [14].
  • Accordingly the mitochondrial enzyme seems to be mainly responsible for the formation of free acetate by the intact liver, especially in view of the fact that the substrate specificity of the mitochondrial enzyme is much higher (activity ratios acetyl-CoA/butyryl-CoA 4.99 and 1.16 for the mitochondrial and the cold-labile enzyme respectively) [15].
  • UV mutagenesis of S. cinnamonensis L1 and L1/pExIM1 led to mutants which were able to grow efficiently on acetate despite a block in the butyryl-CoA pathway [16].
 

Anatomical context of butyryl-CoA

 

Associations of butyryl-CoA with other chemical compounds

 

Gene context of butyryl-CoA

  • We proposed that these results support an oxidation mechanism for glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase and butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase which is initiated by proton abstraction [23].
  • In addition, a site-directed Glu367 Gln mutant of SCAD expressed from a pUC119 vector was shown to have minimal reductive and oxidative pathway activity with butyryl-CoA and crotonyl-CoA, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[26]
  • Experimental evidence for the formation of a complex between butyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase and the 'electron transferring flavoprotein', ETF [27].
  • Crotonyl-CoA reductase (CCR) is a key enzyme in this pathway and catalyzes the last step of the conversion of 2-acetyl-CoA molecules to butyryl-CoA [16].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of butyryl-CoA

  • Since relatives of strain 49 (strains Nor37, PI-7, VV1, and OB156, based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis) all had the same method of butyrate production, it appeared that butyryl-CoA/acetate CoA transferase might be a phylogenetic characteristic [28].
  • A similar titration with butyryl-CoA showed that reduction by this substrate was incomplete with 4.5 mol butyryl-CoA added per mol enzyme FAD; the equilibrium was used to calculate that the oxidation-reduction potential of the enzyme at pH 7 and 25 degrees C is 5+/-5 mV versus the standard hydrogen electrode [29].
  • Butyryl-CoA synthetase extracted from untreated or freeze-dried liver mitochondria consisted of two fractions of Mr 40,000 and 46,000 as determined by gel permeation chromatography, the higher value being confirmed by sedimentation equilibrium [30].

References

  1. Nitrile pathway involving acyl-CoA synthetase: overall metabolic gene organization and purification and characterization of the enzyme. Hashimoto, Y., Hosaka, H., Oinuma, K., Goda, M., Higashibata, H., Kobayashi, M. J. Biol. Chem. (2005) [Pubmed]
  2. Mucosal enzyme activity for butyrate oxidation; no defect in patients with ulcerative colitis. Allan, E.S., Winter, S., Light, A.M., Allan, A. Gut (1996) [Pubmed]
  3. Restricted distribution of the butyrate kinase pathway among butyrate-producing bacteria from the human colon. Louis, P., Duncan, S.H., McCrae, S.I., Millar, J., Jackson, M.S., Flint, H.J. J. Bacteriol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  4. Butyryl-CoA synthetase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa--purification and characterization. Shimizu, S., Inoue, K., Tani, Y., Yamada, H. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1981) [Pubmed]
  5. Propionyl-CoA carboxylase of Myxococcus xanthus: catalytic properties and function in developing cells. Kimura, Y., Kojyo, T., Kimura, I., Sato, M. Arch. Microbiol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  6. NADPH-dependent beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids with double bonds extending from odd-numbered carbon atoms. Smeland, T.E., Nada, M., Cuebas, D., Schulz, H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1992) [Pubmed]
  7. Demonstration of a specific mitochondrial isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in fibroblasts from patients with isovaleric acidemia. Rhead, W.J., Tanaka, K. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1980) [Pubmed]
  8. Rat hepatic microsomal acetoacetyl-CoA reductase. A beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase distinct from the long chain beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase component of the microsomal fatty acid chain elongation system. Prasad, M.R., Cook, L., Vieth, R., Cinti, D.L. J. Biol. Chem. (1984) [Pubmed]
  9. The deuterium isotope effect upon the reaction of fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and butyryl-CoA. Reinsch, J., Katz, A., Wean, J., Aprahamian, G., McFarland, J.T. J. Biol. Chem. (1980) [Pubmed]
  10. 6-Deoxyerythronolide B analogue production in Escherichia coli through metabolic pathway engineering. Kennedy, J., Murli, S., Kealey, J.T. Biochemistry (2003) [Pubmed]
  11. Isolation and expression of a cDNA encoding the precursor for a novel member (ACADSB) of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene family. Rozen, R., Vockley, J., Zhou, L., Milos, R., Willard, J., Fu, K., Vicanek, C., Low-Nang, L., Torban, E., Fournier, B. Genomics (1994) [Pubmed]
  12. NAD-independent lactate and butyryl-CoA dehydrogenases of Clostridium acetobutylicum P262. Diez-Gonzalez, F., Russell, J.B., Hunter, J.B. Curr. Microbiol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  13. Mammalian fatty acid synthetase. III. Characterization of human liver synthetase products and kinetics of methylmalonyl-CoA inhibition. Roncari, D.A., Mack, E.Y. Can. J. Biochem. (1976) [Pubmed]
  14. Product binding modulates the thermodynamic properties of a Megasphaera elsdenii short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase active-site mutant. Becker, D.F., Fuchs, J.A., Stankovich, M.T. Biochemistry (1994) [Pubmed]
  15. On the regulation of cold-labile cytosolic and of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA hydrolase in rat liver. Söling, H.D., Rescher, C. Eur. J. Biochem. (1985) [Pubmed]
  16. Multiple pathways for acetate assimilation in Streptomyces cinnamonensis. Akopiants, K., Florova, G., Li, C., Reynolds, K.A. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  17. Phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate in the mitochondrial matrix. Krebs, H.A., Wiggins, D. Biochem. J. (1978) [Pubmed]
  18. Acetate utilization and butyryl coenzyme A (CoA):acetate-CoA transferase in butyrate-producing bacteria from the human large intestine. Duncan, S.H., Barcenilla, A., Stewart, C.S., Pryde, S.E., Flint, H.J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  19. Specificity of diacylglycerol acyltransferase from bovine mammary gland, liver and adipose tissue towards acyl-CoA esters. Marshall, M.O., Knudsen, J. Eur. J. Biochem. (1979) [Pubmed]
  20. Activation of free fatty acids in subcellular fractions of human skeletal muscle. Trevisan, C., DiMauro, S. Neurochem. Res. (1983) [Pubmed]
  21. Rates of beta-oxidation of fatty acids of various chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation in highly purified peroxisomes isolated from rat liver. Chance, D.S., McIntosh, M.K. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, Biochem. Mol. Biol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  22. Regulation of the butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase by substrate and product binding. Stankovich, M.T., Soltysik, S. Biochemistry (1987) [Pubmed]
  23. Mechanism of action of glutaryl-CoA and butyryl-CoA dehydrogenases. Purification of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. Gomes, B., Fendrich, G., Abeles, R.H. Biochemistry (1981) [Pubmed]
  24. In vivo and in vitro effects of thiolactomycin on fatty acid biosynthesis in Streptomyces collinus. Wallace, K.K., Lobo, S., Han, L., McArthur, H.A., Reynolds, K.A. J. Bacteriol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  25. Phosphotransbutyrylase from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and its role in acidogenesis. Wiesenborn, D.P., Rudolph, F.B., Papoutsakis, E.T. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (1989) [Pubmed]
  26. Characterization of wild-type and an active-site mutant in Escherichia coli of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase from Megasphaera elsdenii. Becker, D.F., Fuchs, J.A., Banfield, D.K., Funk, W.D., MacGillivray, R.T., Stankovich, M.T. Biochemistry (1993) [Pubmed]
  27. Experimental evidence for the formation of a complex between butyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase and the 'electron transferring flavoprotein', ETF. Parker, A., Engel, P.C. Biochem. Soc. Trans. (1998) [Pubmed]
  28. Alternative schemes of butyrate production in Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and their relationship to acetate utilization, lactate production, and phylogeny. Diez-Gonzalez, F., Bond, D.R., Jennings, E., Russell, J.B. Arch. Microbiol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  29. The protein coded by the PP2216 gene of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase that oxidises only short-chain aliphatic substrates. McMahon, B., Gallagher, M.E., Mayhew, S.G. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (2005) [Pubmed]
  30. Ox liver butyryl-coenzyme A synthetase--a subunit enzyme? Campbell, C.J., Park, M.V. Int. J. Biochem. (1984) [Pubmed]
 
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