Disease relevance of Vaginal Douching

• OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between vaginal douching and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among a group of female sex workers (FSWs) in Nairobi, Kenya. METHODS: This study was part of a randomised, placebo controlled trial of monthly prophylaxis with 1 g of azithromycin to prevent STIs and HIV infection in a cohort of Nairobi FSWs [1].
• The purpose of this study was to determine whether chlorhexidine vaginal douching, applied by a squeeze bottle intra partum, reduced mother-to-child transmission of vaginal microorganisms including Streptococcus agalactiae (streptococcus serogroup B = GBS) and hence infectious morbidity in both mother and child [2].
• Single hydrogen peroxide vaginal douching versus single-dose oral metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a randomized controlled trial [3].

High impact information on Vaginal Douching

• Concomitantly, concentrations of a functional IL-8 homologue, murine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, were increased significantly in vaginal lavage fluid at metestrus-2 as compared with other phases [4].
• Vaginal lavage with diluted chlorhexidine during delivery did not show a global effect on MTCT in our study [5].
• The adjuvant combination of IL-1alpha, IL-12, and IL-18 induced anti-HIV peptide IgA titers of 1:1,176, 1:7,131, and 1:4,705 in saliva, fecal extracts and vaginal lavage, respectively [6].
• Furthermore, CPMV- and FnBP-specific IgA and IgG could also be detected in the bronchial, intestinal, and vaginal lavage fluids, highlighting the ability of CVPs to generate antibody at distant mucosal sites [7].
• BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bacterial vaginosis and vaginal douching are both reported to be more common in African-American and Caribbean than white women [8].

Biological context of Vaginal Douching

• Trials of vitamin A supplementation to reduce vertical transmission have had negative results, while the effectiveness of vaginal lavage and passive immune therapy in reducing vertical transmission remains uncertain [9].

Anatomical context of Vaginal Douching

• Cervicovaginal secretion (CVS) from 56 heterosexual African women (19 to 45 years old), living in Bangui, Central African Republic, were evaluated for pH, semen components (prostatic acid phosphatase [PAP] and prostatic specific antigen [PSA]), cellularity, and hemoglobin at inclusion and after vaginal douching with 100 ml of water by using a bock [10].

Associations of Vaginal Douching with chemical compounds

• Daily vaginal douching with polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine in 12 euthyroid volunteers for 14 days resulted in a significant increase in serum total iodine concentration and urine iodine excretion [11].
• In the second and third cycles, vaginal douching was performed with either 1.5% (w/v) NaHCO3 or 0.9% (w/v) NaCl (randomized procedure) [12].
• Vaginal lavage attenuates cocaine-stimulated activity and establishes place preference in rats [13].
• A sensitive normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method using a bonded-phase aminosilica column has been developed for the measurement of the spermicide nonoxynol-9 in vaginal lavage fluid [14].
• Exfoliated cells were obtained by vaginal lavage 7--9 hours (pro-oestrus), 18--20 hours (oestrus), 28--34 hours (metoestrus) and 60--64 hours (dioestrus) after administration of luteinizing hormone [15].

Gene context of Vaginal Douching

• IL-1beta and IL-1ra concentrations in vaginal lavage samples were measured by ELISA [16].
• Vaginal douching and the risk of tubal pregnancy [17].
• TCI elicited significant levels of TT-specific IgG in serum, saliva and vaginal lavage, with the greatest increases over background seen in saliva (80-400 fold) and vaginal lavage (2-87 fold) [18].
• The authors assessed the frequency, characteristics, and motivational antecedents of vaginal douching practices among 125 White and 155 Black female college students [19].
• Vaginal douching. Pros, cons, and proper technique [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Vaginal Douching

• Determination of the spermicide nonoxynol-9 in vaginal lavage by high-performance liquid chromatography [14].

References