Disease relevance of Dirigestran

• CONCLUSIONS: Pamidronate prevents bone loss in the hip and lumbar spine in men receiving treatment for prostate cancer with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist [1].
• Treatment with GnRH reversed the hypogonadism and restored fertility in each of the five men who received long-term therapy [2].
• Familial precocious puberty associated with isolated elevation of luteinizing hormone [3].
• Analogues of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are often given to induce hypogonadism in women who have estrogen-dependent disorders such as endometriosis and uterine leiomyomas [4].
• We report a woman with primary amenorrhoea and infertility associated with an isolated deficiency of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), but normal luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion [5].

Psychiatry related information on Dirigestran

• Treatment of paraphilia with an analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone [6].
• In a crossover study conducted over a six-month period in eight patients with well-characterized premenstrual syndrome, physical and behavioral symptoms were relieved by daily administration of an agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone [7].
• Brain immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone in Huntington's chorea and in non-choreic subjects [8].
• A single daily "surge" in pituitary luteinizing hormone release was observed in ovariectomized-estrogen-treated hamsters expressing an intact circadian rhythm of locomotor activity [9].
• In the adult castrated male rat, exposure to inescapable, intermittent electroshocks inhibited the pulsatile pattern of luteinizing hormone release and markedly lowered its plasma concentrations [10].

High impact information on Dirigestran

• It includes discussions on various aspects of the stress response, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and -gonadal axes, corticotropin releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, interleukin-1 and -6, corticosteroids, estrogens, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid hormone [11].
• In order to gain insight into sensory processing modulating reproductive behavioral and endocrine changes, we have aimed at identifying afferent pathways to neurons synthesizing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH, also known as gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH]), a key neurohormone of reproduction [12].
• In contrast to individuals with POU1F1 mutations, those with PROP1 mutations cannot produce LH and FSH at a sufficient level and do not enter puberty spontaneously [13].
• Selective inhibition of pituitary-gonadal function with a long-acting agonist analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone may abolish the deviant sexual behavior by reducing testosterone secretion [14].
• METHODS: We first studied the effect of ovarian suppression with leuprolide, an agonist analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, or placebo on symptoms in 20 women with the premenstrual syndrome [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Dirigestran

• Eleven of the 16 women with apparently nonsecreting adenomas had significant increases in serum LH beta in response to TRH, 3 had FSH responses, and 4 had LH responses [16].
• Fourteen women with PMS were given mifepristone (12.5 or 25 mg per kilogram of body weight) by mouth on the seventh day after the surge of luteinizing hormone [17].
• Three boys 3.3 to 3.9 years old, who had precocious puberty that was unresponsive to an analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, were treated with the antifungal agent ketoconazole for up to 12 months [18].
• We conducted a randomized, double-blind study comparing intranasal gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1.2 mg per day for 28 days) with parenteral human chorionic gonadotropin (3300 IU per week for four weeks) in the treatment of cryptorchidism in 33 boys one to five years old (29 with unilateral and 4 with bilateral cryptorchidism) [19].
• Testosterone production and Leydig cell hyperplasia occur in the context of prepubertal levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) [20].

Biological context of Dirigestran

• In functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, failure of ovulation probably results from deficient hypothalamic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) [21].
• Urinary concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were measured for a total of 707 menstrual cycles with use of an immunoradiometric assay that is able to detect hCG levels as low as 0.01 ng per milliliter, with virtually 100 percent specificity for hCG in the presence of luteinizing hormone [22].
• Reversible inhibition of testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis by a potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in normal men: an approach toward the development of a male contraceptive [23].
• BACKGROUND: Treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist decreases bone mineral density and increases the risk of fracture in men with prostate cancer [1].
• Hypogonadism caused by a single amino acid substitution in the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone [24].

Anatomical context of Dirigestran

• A luteinizing dose of LH caused a cessation of proliferation in luteinizing granulosa cells while stimulating a limited proliferation of theca cells [25].
• We therefore performed a controlled, open trial in which treatment with buserelin, an agonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone citrate and HMG in 44 consecutive women in whom no oocytes or only one had been produced by standard treatment with clomiphene and HMG [26].
• Presence in normal human testes of a chorionic-gonadotropin-like substance distinct from human luteinizing hormone [27].
• We compared the results of semen analyses and measurements of testicular volume, serum testosterone, inhibin B, and gonadotropins in these men with the results in 24 men with classic GnRH deficiency before and during GnRH-replacement therapy and in 29 normal men of similar age [2].
• We investigated possible abnormalities of central-nervous-system regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion in the polycystic-ovary syndrome by determining the plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone over a 24-hour period in five teenage girls with the syndrome; profiles of prolactin and cortisol were also obtained [28].

Associations of Dirigestran with other chemical compounds

• The present study was conducted to determine quantitatively the effects of estradiol, FSH and LH on proliferation of different ovarian cell types (granulosa and theca cells) [25].
• The chronobiologic disturbance involved only luteinizing hormone; the profiles of cortisol and prolactin were normal [28].
• None of the 16 healthy women and none of the 10 women with secreting macroadenomas had LH beta, FSH, or LH responses to TRH [16].
• We have found that women with the polycystic ovary syndrome have supranormal plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone responses to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist nafarelin [29].
• Dopamine stimulates the degradation of gonadotropin releasing hormone by rat synaptosomes [30].

Gene context of Dirigestran

• Therefore, whereas the pre-ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone induces both ovulation and luteinization, the ability to suppress the action of nuclear receptors is essential for the coordinated control of ovarian function with the essential process of oocyte release dependent on the activity of the transcriptional co-repressor Nrip1 (RIP40) [31].
• Although activins and inhibins regulate follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis, no factor has been identified that exclusively regulates luteinizing hormone (LH) synthesis [32].
• Luteinizing hormone deficiency and female infertility in mice lacking the transcription factor NGFI-A (Egr-1) [32].
• Given the potential for ERbeta to interact with these important neurotransmitters and its co-expression in gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons it is surprising how normal the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and -gonadal axes appear to be in ERbeta knockout mice [33].
• The pattern of change in serum hPRL in the human fetus contrasts sharply with that of serum hGH, luteinizing hormone, or follicle-stimulating hormone [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dirigestran

• Long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone implant to maintain medical castration for two years in men with prostate cancer [35].
• In five of nine patients with isolated gonadotropin deficiency, the impaired plasma luteinizing hormone response was restored to normal after treatment for seven days or more, whereas it was unchanged in four patients treated for less than five days [36].
• We studied the antifertility effects of a potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, D-Trp6-Pro9-N-ethylamide-LHRH (LHRHA) in eight normal men, who received daily subcutaneous injections for six to 10 weeks [23].
• Immunofluorescence studies using specific antibody to luteinizing-hormone-releasing factor showed antigenicity to the factor in the hamartoma [37].
• Since idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is thought to represent a disorder of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH) secretion, we used long-term low-dose subcutaneous GnRH, administered in an episodic fashion by a portable infusion pump, in an effort to establish a normal adult pattern of gonadotropin secretion in six men [38].

References