Disease relevance of Skin Aging

• Based on these data and our previous experience of sucralfate cream on the aging skin we performed a double-blind randomized study to compare the efficacy of sucralfate cream to a base cream in 50 breast cancer patients receiving postoperative electron beam therapy to their chest wall [1].
• However, excessive exposure to UV can overwhelm the cutaneous antioxidant capacity, leading to oxidative damage and ultimately to skin cancer, immunosuppression and premature skin aging [2].
• Tretinoin is currently marketed for topical treatment of acne vulgaris and has also been used in the rejuvenation of aging skin [3].
• Similar smoking-related changes in the collagen and elastin could play a role in the pathogenesis of both skin wrinkling and chronic airflow obstruction [4].

High impact information on Skin Aging

• All-trans retinoic acid protects against both of these deleterious effects and may thereby retard premature skin aging [5].
• The data presented provide evidence suggesting that the UV-A excitation of trans-urocanic acid initiates chemical processes that result in the photoaging of skin [6].
• Thus, PTH and PTHrP may play an important role in the normal physiology of skin, and their agonists and antagonists have potentially wide therapeutic applications in the treatment of hyperproliferative skin disorders and aging skin and could also be effective in stimulating and maintaining hair growth [7].
• We conclude that in HFFs, AGE-RAGE interactions may influence the process of skin aging through mild stimulation of ECM gene expression [8].
• Thus, the induction and regulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes including catalase may offer a strategy for preventing and treating skin aging [9].

Biological context of Skin Aging

• These results suggest that Prx II may function as an enzymatic antioxidant to prevent cellular senescence and skin aging [10].
• We describe some of the symptoms of skin aging and show, that the here-described polysaccharide preparations are susceptible to slow down some of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, partly by the mediation of the above-mentioned receptors, partly by acting directly on the regulation of gene expression [11].

Anatomical context of Skin Aging

• As matrix metalloproteinase levels are known to rise in fibroblasts as a function of age, and as oxidant stress is believed to underlie changes associated with both photoaging and natural aging, we determined whether natural skin aging, like photoaging, gives rise to increased matrix metalloproteinases and reduced collagen synthesis [12].

Associations of Skin Aging with chemical compounds

• DHEA may be related to the process of skin aging through the regulation and degradation of extracelluar matrix protein [13].
• Ascorbic acid has been shown to protect against sunburn, delay the onset of skin tumors, and reduce ultraviolet-B-radiation-induced skin wrinkling [14].
• Potent therapeutic effect of melatonin on aging skin in pinealectomized rats [15].
• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between noncontraceptive estrogen use and skin wrinkling, dryness, and atrophy [16].
• Topical tretinoin in the treatment of aging skin [17].

Gene context of Skin Aging

• Taken together, the above data suggest that EGFR plays dominant role in the crosstalk among growth factor receptor and cytokine receptors leading to the activation of c-Jun kinase upon UV irradiation, and that EGFR could be one of the targets for clinical and cosmetical prevention of UV-induced skin aging [18].
• Repeated exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation results in premature skin aging due, in part, to the degradation of dermal collagen by fibroblast collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 1 [MMP-1]) [19].
• These results suggest that the increased level of COX-2 and higher level of PGE(2) in aged cells may play an important role in cellular senescence, and that selective COX-2 inhibitors may be useful for the intervention of skin aging [20].
• Loss of EPC-1/PEDF expression during skin aging in vivo [21].
• This paper shows the evidence for the role of tobacco smoking in skin aging and describes how modulation of TGF-beta1 levels might retard premature skin aging [22].

References