Disease relevance of BRN 0969223

• Bromoacetaldehyde (BAA) was used to study the secondary structure of DNA in lambda-phage particles [1].
• Several induction-dependent changes of the chromatin structure could be traced by mapping techniques using four different agents [DNase I, micrococcus nuclease, bromoacetaldehyde and methidiumpropyl-EDTA X iron(II)] [2].

High impact information on BRN 0969223

• Supercoiled plasmid DNAs (at bacterial superhelical density) harboring the homopurine-homopyrimidine sequence, poly(dG)-poly(dC), were reacted with bromoacetaldehyde (BAA), a reagent that reacts with unpaired DNA bases [3].
• Plasmid pT181 DNA secondary structures have been analyzed in vitro by nuclease S1 digestion and in vivo by bromoacetaldehyde treatment [4].
• These altered DNA structures are found at reproducible positions relative to the beta A-globin gene regardless of whether the bromoacetaldehyde is presented to intact erythrocytes, erythrocyte nuclei, or the beta A-globin gene itself carried in pBR322 as purified supercoiled DNA [5].
• A region of about 200 base pairs 5' to the chicken beta A-globin gene, which contains sites sensitive to nuclease S1, to several restriction endonucleases, and to very low levels of DNase I, also contains DNA structures that are preferentially sensitive to bromoacetaldehyde [5].
• Studies with labeled 2-bromoacetaldehyde indicate that the slow kinetics of DNA binding by this compound is responsible in part for this phenomenon [6].

Biological context of BRN 0969223

• Stable hairpin structures at palindromic sequences were confirmed by acetylation of single-stranded sequences with bromoacetaldehyde [7].
• Fine-mapping studies revealed that the most prominent S1 nuclease-sensitive and bromoacetaldehyde-modified sites were located within the TATA boxes of each 98-base-pair tandem repeat [8].
• Deletion of the first TATA box drastically reduced the extent of bromoacetaldehyde modification in the second TATA box, whereas deletion of the second TATA box had little or no effect on the reactivity at the first TATA box [8].

Anatomical context of BRN 0969223

• One such cell line was treated in vivo with the DNA structural probe bromoacetaldehyde and the chromosomal DNA was extracted [9].
• Bromoacetaldehyde generated subfragments of 2500, 1700 and 800 bp in the human insulin gene isolated from the rat beta-cell line, while the human insulin gene in the non-expressing HeLa cell line was unreactive to bromoacetaldehyde [9].
• In this study, the oxidative bioactivation of 1,2-DBE to 2-bromoacetaldehyde (2-BA) was studied using heterologously expressed human cytochrome P450 (P450) isoenzymes and human liver microsomes [10].

Associations of BRN 0969223 with other chemical compounds

• Chloroacetaldehyde, like bromoacetaldehyde, was found to be a specific probe for detecting unpaired DNA bases in supercoiled plasmid DNA [11].
• These results coupled with analyses with chemical (diethyl pyrocarbonate, osmium tetroxide, and bromoacetaldehyde) and enzymatic (S1 nuclease, T7 gene 3 product, and MHhaI) probes indicated that the entire sequence was adopting a left-handed helix in each case [12].
• Two possible mechanisms for the reported carcinogenic synergism between ethylene dibromide (EDB) and disulfiram have been investigated in vivo and in vitro, the first involving increased production of an EDB-derived glutathione mustard and the second increased production of bromoacetaldehyde [13].
• A previous method of determination of adenine compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography, using bromoacetaldehyde as a fluorescent reagent and a column of Hitachi gel No. 3012-N, was improved and extended to biological materials, especially to measure enzyme activities [14].

Gene context of BRN 0969223

• 2-Bromoethylene oxide and 2-bromoacetaldehyde, suspected metabolites of VBR, were synthesized and found to be substrates for rat liver epoxide hydrolase and equine liver alcohol dehydrogenase, respectively [6].
• Flexibility in Mu operator DNA was demonstrated by an unusual supercoil-induced DNA conformation, which was detectable by chemical modification with bromoacetaldehyde or digestion with P1 nuclease [15].
• The transition has been characterized by 2 dimensional gel electrophoresis, mapping of S1, P1 and T7 endonuclease 1 sensitive sites, and mapping of sites that are sensitive to modification by bromoacetaldehyde [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of BRN 0969223

• Following digestion with TaqI and subsequent digestion with S1-nuclease to cleave at the bromoacetaldehyde-reactive sites, the DNA was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and insulin gene fragments were detected by Southern blot analysis [9].
• The titration of bromoacetaldehyde in a microsomal system is affected by typically studied metabolic conditions: incubation time, pH, and protein concentration [17].

References