Disease relevance of trioxochromium

• Subchronic inhalation toxicity of soluble hexavalent chromium trioxide in rats [1].
• Since the frequency of resorptions and the incidence of cleft palate varied with the time of treatment it is concluded that the time at which chromium trioxide is injected into the pregnant hamster does influence embryotoxicity [2].
• N.m.r. spectroscopy, chromium trioxide oxidation, hydrolysis with a specific phage enzyme, and f.a.b. mass spectrometry were the principal methods used [3].

High impact information on trioxochromium

• Six major glycosphingolipids (A-F) from monohexosylceramide to pentahexosylceramide were identified by sugar composition analysis, methylation analysis, secondary ion-mass spectrometry, glycosidase digestion, and chromium trioxide oxidation [4].
• The effect of chlorophyllin on micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) induction by chromium trioxide (CrO(3)) exposure in peripheral blood of mice was studied [5].
• Based on the results of immunological assays, partial acid hydrolysis, sequential degradation with specific exoglycosidases, oxidation with periodate and chromium trioxide, and permethylation analysis, we suggest that the carbohydrate chain of this fucolipid contains four termini [6].
• The identification of oligosaccharides along with methylation analysis and chromic anhydride oxidation showed that the polysaccharide was built up of the repeating pentasaccharide units whose proposed structure is given below: (see article) Serological properties of Sh. dysenteriae O-specific polysaccharides are discussed [7].
• We performed a 90-day repeated-dose inhalation toxicity study of soluble hexavalent chromium trioxide (CrO3 (VI)) [1].

Biological context of trioxochromium

• By infrared spectroscopy, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, periodate oxidation, solvolysis, chromium trioxide oxidation, and methylation analysis of the native and partially degraded compound, the structure of this glycolipid is proposed to be GalNAc beta 1--4(HSO3-3)Gal beta 1--4Glc beta 1--1Cer [8].
• The structure of this glycolipid was identified by partial acid hydrolysis, oxidation with periodate and chromium trioxide, and permethylation studies, as: SO3H-6Glcalphal leads to 6Glcalphal leads to 6Glcalphal leads to 3-diglyceride [9].
• Prior work has demonstrated that chromium trioxide is embryotoxic in hamsters if administered to pregnant animals early on the eighth gestation day [2].
• The structure of the carbohydrate moiety in the macroglycolipid was analyzed by methylation analysis, Smith degradation, nitrous acid deamination, and chromium trioxide oxidation [10].
• Inhibition of repair of radiation-induced chromosome breaks: effects of chromium trioxide on cultured human lymphocytes [11].

Anatomical context of trioxochromium

• Derivation and study of human epithelial cell lines resistant to killing by chromium trioxide [12].
• The main globoside in the spermatozoa was characterized as Glc-NAcbeta(1 leads to 2)Manbeta(1 leads to 3)Manbeta(1 leads to 4)Glcbeta(1 leads to 1)-ceramide by partial acid hydrolysis, analysis of its anomeric configuration with chromium trioxide, methylation analysis and enzymatic hydrolysis [13].
• Rat alveolar macrophages were exposed to 2 micrograms calcium chromate (CaCrO4, insoluble) or 2 micrograms chromium trioxide (CrO3, soluble) in live animals, in vivo, and in tissue culture, in vitro, collected by lavage from the lung [14].

Associations of trioxochromium with other chemical compounds

• Determination of the anomeric configurations of Corbicula ceramide di- and trihexoside by chromium trioxide oxidation [15].
• The human epidemiological studies have provided convincing evidence that zinc chromate is a potent carcinogen and there is some evidence that calcium chromate and chromium trioxide also constitute a cancer hazard in humans [16].
• The structures were identified by partial acid hydrolysis, sequential enzymatic hydrolysis, chromium trioxide oxidation and methylation analysis as: Glc beta (1-1)Cer, Man beta (1-4)Glc beta (1-1)Cer, GlcNAc beta (1-3)Man beta (1-4)Glc beta (1-1)Cer and GalNAc beta (1-4)GlcNAc beta (1-3)Man beta (1-4)Glc(1-1)Cer [17].
• From the results of methylation analysis, mass spectrometry and chromium trioxide oxidation, the main oligosaccharide unit was determined to be a linear trisaccharide (85% by weight), NeuNGc alpha(2----3)Gal beta(1----3)GalNAcol [18].

Gene context of trioxochromium

• According to our results, chromium levels in plasma and urine in the order of 10 and 40 micrograms/l seem to correspond to an external exposure of 100 micrograms chromium trioxide per cubic metre, the technical guiding concentration (TRK-value) [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of trioxochromium

• The HPLC systems reported here are also useful in identifying the chromium trioxide oxidized products of metabolites, such as triols and tetrols, which considerably narrows down the number of probable metabolites [20].
• Structure determinations were performed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, methylation studies supported by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry and linkage analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Smith degradation, and oxidation with chromium trioxide [21].
• The methods used included gel filtration procedures, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, oxidation with chromium trioxide and enzymic degradations of the isolated oligosaccharide [22].

References