Disease relevance of SPBio_002882

• It is deduced that the contact urticaria elicited from denatonium benzoate was caused by an immunologic mechanism of the immediate hypersensitivity type [1].
• An open epicutaneous test (20 min) showed wheal and erythema to Pyrex, M-sprit and Bitrex diluted to 2 x 10(-6) mg 1-1 [1].
• The toxicity of denatonium benzoate is low with acute po LD50's in rats of 485-740 mg/kg [2].
• The role of denatonium benzoate in preventing serious poisonings has yet to be defined [3].
• In order to be able to test zinc lozenges in a second trial of common cold therapy, we developed a matching placebo containing denatonium benzoate (a bitter substance used to prevent thumb sucking in children) and then undertook a formal evaluation of blinding efficacy [4].

Psychiatry related information on SPBio_002882

• Using an operant conditioning paradigm, we demonstrated that rats cannot discriminate between two structurally dissimilar bitter compounds, quinine hydrochloride and denatonium benzoate, despite the fact that these tastants are thought to stimulate different taste receptor cells [5].

High impact information on SPBio_002882

• In this study, we characterized mechanisms of Ca(2+) fluxes induced by two distinct T2R ligands: denatonium benzoate (DB) and phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), in mouse enteroendocrine cell line STC-1 [6].
• To explore these issues, single neuron responses were recorded from the rat nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) during whole mouth stimulation with a variety of bitter compounds: 10 muM cycloheximide, 7 mM propylthiouracil, 10 mM denatonium benzoate, and 3 mM quinine hydrochloride at intensities matched for behavioral effectiveness [7].
• Two-bottle preference tests showed that transgenic expression of rod alpha-transducin partly rescued responses to denatonium benzoate, sucrose and the artificial sweetener SC45647, but not to quinine sulfate [8].
• These data support the concept that the denatonium benzoate-induced IP(3) response is mediated by an activation of PLCbeta(2) via a Gbetagamma complex, possibly composed of Gbeta(3) as the predominant beta subunit and Ggamma(3), and imply that multiple second messenger pathways may exist in individual taste receptor cells [9].
• These data indicate that a phospholipase C beta2 isoform mediates a denatonium benzoate-induced second messenger response of taste sensory cells in the circumvallate papillae [10].

Biological context of SPBio_002882

• Efficacy studies to date in children have shown that in a controlled environment, addition of denatonium benzoate to an otherwise palatable liquid will decrease the volume ingested [3].

Associations of SPBio_002882 with other chemical compounds

• Many health care providers have chosen qualitative respirator fit testing using saccharin and/or Bitrex for a variety of reasons, including (but not limited to) low initial equipment cost [11].

Gene context of SPBio_002882

• A functional involvement of this PLC beta subtype in taste signal transduction emerged from biochemical analysis monitoring the second messenger response in circumvallate preparations induced by denatonium benzoate [10].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SPBio_002882

• Plastic membrane ion-selective electrode for the determination of denatonium benzoate (Bitrex) [12].
• Analysis of denatonium benzoate in Oregon consumer products by HPLC [13].
• Passing the Bitrex fit test resulted in 5th percentile SWPFs of 11.1 and 7.9 for elastomeric and filtering-facepiece respirators, respectively [14].

References