Disease relevance of Quinine

• In Experiment 1, parabrachial TTX disrupted CTAs when sodium saccharin (0.1%), quinine hydrochloride (0.0072%), sodium chloride (0.9%) or a garlic extract were used as the CS and i.p. LiCl (0.15 M, 2% body weight) as the US [1].
• The pharmacokinetics of quinine were studied in seven normal African children and in six African children suffering from kwashiorkor, after an oral dose of 10 mg kg-1 of quinine hydrochloride [2].
• Toxicity threshold of quinine hydrochloride following low-level repeated dosing in healthy volunteers [3].
• Plasma concentrations of quinine following oral administration of 10mg/kg of body weight quinine hydrochloride were measured by HPLC in eleven African patients during acute symptomatic uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and after complete recovery from the acute illness [4].

Psychiatry related information on Quinine

• Three experiments describe the consummatory behavior of 11-13-day-old rat pups during and following experience with a model aversive taste, quinine hydrochloride [5].

High impact information on Quinine

• Many of the chorda tympani fibers of crab-eating monkeys respond to more than one of the four basic stimuli (NaCl, sucrose, HCl, and quinine hydrochloride) as well as cooling or warming of the tongue [6].
• To explore these issues, single neuron responses were recorded from the rat nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) during whole mouth stimulation with a variety of bitter compounds: 10 muM cycloheximide, 7 mM propylthiouracil, 10 mM denatonium benzoate, and 3 mM quinine hydrochloride at intensities matched for behavioral effectiveness [7].
• Other cells (n = 14) were tested for the effects of electrical stimulation of the LH on the responses to stimulation of the tongue with 0.032 M sucrose, NaCl, and quinine hydrochloride, and 0.0032 M citric acid [8].
• Behavioral, ethological, and electrophysiological evidence suggests that the highly unpleasant, bitter taste of a concentrated quinine hydrochloride (QHCL) should activate the human amygdala [9].
• Mice of both strains and of a congenic strain (C3.SW) that shares more than 99% of the C3 genome, were tested in a taste-salient brief-access taste test for responses to SOA and quinine hydrochloride, before and after transection of the glossopharyngeal or chorda tympani nerve, or sham surgery [10].

Biological context of Quinine

• To ascertain the interaction between salivation and gustation, salivary secretion from the submandibular and parotid glands and taste responses to the chorda tympani nerve were analyzed in the rat, during grooming, eating, and licking of the four standard taste stimuli (sucrose, NaCl, HCl, and quinine hydrochloride) [11].
• In a second study, subjects were made hypodipsic through adulteration of their water supply with 0.2% w/v quinine hydrochloride; and they too displayed glucoprivic feeding deficits at 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 750 mg/kg dosages [12].
• Praneem polyherbal cream, a spermicidal formulation, has been developed at the National Institute of Immunology, which makes use of Praneem, a purified extract from the dried seeds of an ancient Indian plant Azadirachta indica (Neem), extract from the pericarp of fruits of Sapindus species and quinine hydrochloride [13].
• A comparative bioavailability of three formulations of quinine was performed in 6 healthy male adult Africans after intravenous infusion of 600mg quinine hydrochloride in 0.9% saline over 4 hours and after single oral doses of 600mg quinine sulphate capsule, 600mg quinine dihydrochloride plain tablet and 600mg quinine sulphate sugar coated tablet [14].
• A 0.5% quinine hydrochloride diet also reduced food intake and body weight but did not change tau [15].

Anatomical context of Quinine

• Fungiform papillae in the frog tongue were found to contain chemoreceptors which respond phasically to quinine hydrochloride [16].
• The display of aversive behavior, such as gapes and chin rubs, but not headshakes, forelimb flails or orofacial grooming, varied with the concentration of an intraorally infused solution of quinine hydrochloride (QHCl) and increased by the time the rat rejected an intraorally infused 2 M solution of sucrose [17].
• A dose of 200 mg/kg body weight of quinine hydrochloride was administered intramuscularly, and CAPs were recorded at the round window before and after administration [18].
• Rats lacking gustatory neocortex (n = 24) and normal rats (n = 24) were familiarized to either hydrochloric acid (10(-1.6) M) or quinine hydrochloride (10(-4) M) solutions during free-drinking trials [19].

Associations of Quinine with other chemical compounds

• The tastes of 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), 100 mM sucrose, and 1 mM quinine hydrochloride in mixtures were investigated in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) with a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm [20].
• Moreover, while high (0.1%) concentrations of DB, quinine hydrochloride, and quebracho reduced consumption by pocket gophers, 0.05% DB was inoffensive [21].
• To shorten the abortion time, quinine hydrochloride was given orally in one group (n=100), and intravenous infusion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was undertaken in the other group (n=100) [22].
• Mice of the 129/J (129) and C57BL/6ByJ (B6) strains and their reciprocal F1 and F2 hybrids were offered solutions of ethanol, sucrose, citric acid, quinine hydrochloride, and NaCl in two-bottle choice tests [23].
• Reactions of golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) to 1 mM quinine hydrochloride, 3 mM denatonium benzoate, 180 mM magnesium sulfate, 30-100 mM caffeine, and 1-1.5 mM sucrose octaacetate (SOA) were studied to address whether there are multiple sensations elicited by bitter stimuli [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Quinine

• Membrane currents were recorded by whole-cell recording, while quinine hydrochloride was applied extracellularly from a puffer pipette [25].
• 3. Bilateral lesions in the stratum cellulare externum of one animal had a specific effect on the arousal response to a quinine hydrochloride solution and it was concluded that it is possible to indicate deficits following brain lesion in the gustatory system using the EEG [26].
• To determine whether these effects are specific to sucrose and to explore which properties of orogustatory stimuli might contribute to this effect, 60 crying newborns were randomized to receive 250 ul of 24% sucrose solution, 0.25% quinine hydrochloride solution, or corn oil as well as water in a mixed parallel crossover design [27].
• After prophylaxis, 40 students refrained from all oral hygiene measures for 3 d, during which they rinsed with a phenolic compound (Listerine), an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride solution (Meridol), 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) or a control solution (0.02% quinine-hydrochloride) [28].

References