Disease relevance of Dicuran

• Further, it is shown that the transformed Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain BD413 can grow on pollutants unlike control bacteria not expressing cytochrome P450 and that was reflected in release of radiolabel with growth on radiolabelled chlortoluron [1].
• Our results on the bacterial strains Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 show that Dicuran does not possess either mutagenic or premutagenic characteristics [2].

High impact information on Dicuran

• For linuron and chlortoluron, CYP71A10-mediated herbicide metabolism resulted in significantly enhanced tolerance to these compounds in the transgenic plants [3].
• Transformation with CYP76B1 conferred on tobacco and Arabidopsis a 20-fold increase in tolerance to linuron, a compound detoxified by a single dealkylation, and a 10-fold increase in tolerance to isoproturon or chlortoluron, which need successive catalytic steps for detoxification [4].
• Photocatalytic degradation of phenyl-urea herbicides chlortoluron and chloroxuron: characterization of the by-products by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry [5].
• Consequently, the method could greatly facilitate increased monitoring for the presence of chlortoluron in water supplies and in other areas of environmental analysis [6].
• Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of the phenylurea herbicide chlortoluron in water and biological fluids [7].

Biological context of Dicuran

• Degradation of chlortoluron in water disinfection processes: a kinetic study [8].
• The higher level of polar functionalities, such as ether and ester moieties, in the lipid fraction from the freshwater-irrigated soil suggests that these extractable compounds compete successfully with the polar solutes (atrazine and chlorotoluron) for specific binding sites in the soil organic matter (SOM) [9].
• The transgenic plants expressing the CYP1A2 fused enzyme metabolized chlortoluron to a larger extent to its non-phytotoxic metabolites through N-demethylation and ring-methyl hydroxylation as compared to the plants expressing the CYP1A1 fused enzyme [10].

Associations of Dicuran with other chemical compounds

• Chlortoluron metabolism was absolutely dependent on NADPH and no metabolism was observed in control transformants [11].
• Isoproturon was ineffective, while chlortoluron and diuron decreased the half-life significantly [12].

Gene context of Dicuran

• The transgenic plants expressing the CYP1A2 fusion enzyme had higher resistance to the herbicide chlortoluron than the plants expressing the CYP1A1 fusion enzyme did [10].
• Metabolism of the herbicide chlortoluron by human cytochrome P450 3A4 [11].
• The DT50 values of cyanazine, isoproturon, and chlorotoluron were 16.2, 18.6, and 33.0 d, respectively, in soil without lignin and 19.0, 23.4, and 34.6 d, respectively, in soil amended with 2% lignin [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dicuran

• The ELISA technique for chlortoluron developed and described here proved to be rapid, sensitive and specific, fulfilling the needs of present legislation relating to the use and levels of pesticides in the environment [7].
• Development and evaluation of a chemiluminescent immunoassay for chlortoluron using a camera luminometer [6].
• Method for determining trace quantities of the herbicide chlortoluron in soils by liquid chromatography [14].
• This luminescent assay has shown considerable potential by providing a rapid, simple and portable means of monitoring multiple water samples for the presence of chlortoluron [6].

References