Disease relevance of Arelon R

• Proliferation of strain SRS1 suggests that isoproturon metabolism by Sphingomonas sp. SRS2 provides unknown metabolites or cell debris that supports growth of strain SRS1 [1].
• The biodegradation and the aquatic toxicity of four herbicides (isoproturon, terbuthylazine, mecoprop, metamitron) were investigated [2].
• Twenty-five percent faster degradation of isoproturon by Anabaena occurred at pH 5.5 versus pH 7.5, when measured over 10 d [3].
• There was no fetotoxic/teratogenic effect of isoproturon at the tested dosage levels in number of implantations, percent resorption, fetal weights, and external, visceral and skeletal fetal observations [4].
• Genotoxic effect of isoproturon was assessed by employing in vivo chromosomal aberration, micronucleus and sperm-shape abnormality assays [5].

High impact information on Arelon R

• Hydroxylation of the herbicide isoproturon by fungi isolated from agricultural soil [6].
• Growth in coculture stimulates metabolism of the phenylurea herbicide isoproturon by Sphingomonas sp. strain SRS2 [1].
• The on-line system allowed the selective trace enrichment of chlortoluron, isoproturon, metobromuron, linuron and chlorbromuron at the 0.05-0.5 microgram l-1 level in ground and river waters and provided detection limits in the range 0.01-0.03 microgram l-1 by percolating only 10 ml of water sample [7].
• Only faint relationships were observed between isoproturon mineralization and the soil pH, microbial C biomass, and organic nitrogen [8].
• Using the estimated HNE and PNE parameters together with batch-test derived equilibrium sorption parameters, the preferential breakthrough of the weakly adsorbed IPU in the Ah soil could be reasonably well predicted with the DPM approach, whereas leaching of the strongly adsorbed TER was predicted less well [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Arelon R

• The 96-h static EC50 values for Chlorella were: 0.003, 34, 0.05, and 291 mg L(-1) for lindane, PCP, isoproturon, and MP, respectively; for Anabaena, these were 4.2, 0.13, 0.21, and 19 mg L(-1) [10].
• The acute toxicity was determined for soil algae Chlorella kesslerei and Anabaena inaequalis, exposed to pesticides lindane, pentachlorophenol (PCP), isoproturon (IPU), and methyl parathion (MP) [10].
• Information on the toxicity of urea-based herbicides is meagre and no data are available on the subacute dermal toxicity of isoproturon and its formulation [11].

Biological context of Arelon R

• Measurements were also made of isoproturon adsorption by the soils and of soil microbial biomass [12].
• Uptake, metabolism, and effects on detoxication enzymes of isoproturon in spawn and tadpoles of amphibians [13].
• To gain information concerning the ecotoxicity of isoproturon (IPU) on aquatic ecosystems, six experimental ponds of 5 m3 each were studied [14].
• The results of our experiments also showed the kinetics of movement, degradation, and persistence of isoproturon in various depths of soil [15].
• A study was undertaken to investigate the environmental impact of herbicides on natural communities of freshwater periphyton and phytoplankton in the river Ozanne and in related nearby water reservoirs, including both pristine and pesticide- (atrazine and isoproturon) contaminated stations [16].

Anatomical context of Arelon R

• At 800 mg/kg dose, isoproturon increased the weight of kidney and heart, and decreased the weight of epididymis [17].
• Isoproturon, a substituted phenylurea herbicide, was studied for its toxicity to dams and its potential fetotoxic/teratogenic effects in the fetuses of albino rats [4].

Associations of Arelon R with other chemical compounds

• Considerable spatial variability was observed for six of the nine parameters tested (isoproturon mineralization rates, organic nitrogen, genetic structure of the microbial communities, soil pH, microbial biomass and equivalent humidity) [8].
• For isoproturon and chlorotoluron, the amount of substituted anilines obtained at the end of the biotransformation was very low, whereas the biotransformation of diuron into 3,4-dichloroaniline was almost quantitative [18].
• Effects of pesticide exposure on the European flounder, Platichthys flesus, were investigated using a suppression subtractive hybridization method (SSH) to identify up- and down-regulated genes after a 30-day exposure to herbicides (a cocktail of atrazine, diuron, and isoproturon, and a single herbicide, glyphosate) [19].
• Biodegradation of the phenylurea herbicide isoproturon and its metabolites in agricultural soils [20].
• For the purpose of biodegradation studies several microorganisms were isolated from soil and adapted under laboratory conditions in the presence of pesticides, with the following degradation results: isoproturon after 72 h-86%, chlortoluron after 72 h-93%, after 65 h-88% and fenitrothion after 72 h-66% [21].

Gene context of Arelon R

• In response to isoproturon, the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (max. +52%), glutathione-reductase (max. +100%), and catalase (max. +117%) increased, demonstrating the occurrence of an oxidative stress response to the herbicide [22].
• Determination of the herbicide isoproturon in cereal grains and pasta by LC with LC/MS confirmation [23].
• The transport of IPU and TER through the aggregated Ap soil could be described consistently only when HNE, PNE, and CNE were simultaneously accounted for using the DPM [9].
• Isolation and characterisation of an isoproturon-mineralising Methylopila sp. TES from French agricultural soil [24].
• Sewage sludge had no significant effect on isoproturon degradation, despite a large increase of organic matter mineralisation (factor 2) [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Arelon R

• Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for isoproturon in water [26].
• Photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide isoproturon: characterisation of by-products by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry [27].
• Enzyme immunoaffinity chromatography--a rapid semi-quantitative immunoassay technique for screening the presence of isoproturon in water samples [28].
• Degradation and movement in soil of the herbicide isoproturon analyzed by a Photosystem II-based biosensor [15].
• Effects of single oral administration of isoproturon (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) on CNS of male mice were studied [29].

References