Disease relevance of GYROMITRIN

• Acetaldehyde methylformylhydrazone (AMFH), which occurs up to 0.3% in one of the edible false morel mushrooms, Gyromitra esculenta, was administered to noninbred Swiss mice in propylene glycol in 52 weekly intragastric instillations as 100 micrograms/g body weight [1].
• The hepatotoxic and carcinogenic hydrazine N-methyl-N-formyl hydrazine (MFH), which is formed from the mushroom poison gyromitrin by hydrolytic cleavage in vivo and in vitro during food processing is much more mutagenic for the strain TA 100 of Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of a metabolic activation system than in its absence [2].
• Acute oral toxicity of ethylidene gyromitrin in rabbits, rats and chickens [3].

High impact information on GYROMITRIN

• At 37 degrees under different acidic conditions (pH 1 to 3), mimicking the milieu of human stomach, gyromitrin is converted to methylhydrazine, a known tumor inducer in mice and hamsters, through an intermediate, N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine [4].
• This paper describes a method of determining the total hydrazones content based on acid hydrolysis of gyromitrin and other related hydrazones in air-dried false morel followed by derivatisation of methylhydrazine with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride [5].
• Methylation of rat and mouse DNA by the mushroom poison gyromitrin and its metabolite monomethylhydrazine [6].
• The hepatotoxic and cancerogenic N-methyl-N-formyl hydrazine (MFH), which is formed from the mushroom poison, gyromitrin, by hydrolytic cleavage in vivo and in vitro during food processing, loses its hepatotoxicity and its influence on the renal function of rats after acetylation at the free NH2-moiety [7].
• 1. N-Methyl-N-formylhydrazine, formed by hydrolysis from gyromitrin, the main toxin of the edible mushroom Gyromitra esculenta, lowers the cytochrome P-450 concn. in liver microsomes after its application to rats [8].

Biological context of GYROMITRIN

• Methylation of deoxyribonucleic acid in the rat by the mushroom poison gyromitrin [9].
• The poison gyromitrin, found in the edible false morel Gyromitra esculenta Fr. ex Pers., caused in rats an increased diuresis in which urine was produced with a weak alkaline pH, a high excretion of sodium (530%), and potassium (210%) [10].

Anatomical context of GYROMITRIN

• After oral application of the mushroom poison gyromitrin a time and dose dependent decrease of cytochrome P-450 was found in rat liver microsomes [11].
• In order to explain the effectiveness of the relatively lipophilic gyromitrin, the non-effectiveness of the more hydrophilic hydrazine MFH and the blockade of the gyromitrin effect by pyridoxine, a mechanism involving the central nervous system is discussed [10].

Associations of GYROMITRIN with other chemical compounds

• Comparable results were obtained after application of N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine (MFH) which is formed from gyromitrin rapidly by hydrolysis [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of GYROMITRIN

• On the basis of [3H] inulin excretion an increased glomerular filtration was determined followed by a decrease 12 h after application of gyromitrin [10].

References