Disease relevance of Diuresis

• In addition, marked diuresis induced by intravenous furosemide does not appear to mobilize ascites by an effect on the reabsorption process [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: The isokaliuretic improvement in natriuresis and diuresis suggests a role for adenosine 1 antagonism in the treatment of the renal abnormalities found in advanced cirrhosis [2].
• METHODS: In a randomised controlled study, 97 brain-dead donors received desmopressin as 1 microg bolus every 2 h when diuresis was more than 300 mL/h (desmopressin group n=49) or no desmopressin (control group n=48) [3].
• A 13-year-old white girl with severe hypertension and type IV renal tubular acidosis had decreased renal chloride clearance and exaggerated sodium chloride reabsorption by the ascending limb of Henle during hypotonic saline diuresis [4].
• Patients with the "classic" form--vasoconstriction or hypovolemic nephrosis--have high renin and aldosterone levels that are stimulated rather than suppressed by salt-loading but become lower before steroid diuresis [5].

Psychiatry related information on Diuresis

• The neuropeptides vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) are supposed to be involved not only in peripheral functions (e.g. diuresis, labour and lactation) but also in central processes that are frequently disturbed during aging and senile dementia (e.g. fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and cognitive functions) [6].
• After approximately 7 weeks under these conditions, sensitivity to the effects of spiradoline on tests of antinociception, locomotor activity, conditioned place preference, and diuresis were examined in both groups of rats [7].
• The primary actions of these peptides lead to a reduction in plasma and extracellular fluid volume by eliciting natriuresis and diuresis, and by opposing the action of other peptidergic systems such as the vasopressin and angiotensin systems that promote water retention and enhance drinking behavior [8].
• In contrast, when data were corrected for individual difference in body weight, U69,593, U50,488, (-)-bremazocine, (-)-pentazocine, and furosemide produced nearly equivalent diuresis/kg in females and males, whereas butorphanol produced slightly greater diuresis/kg, and morphine produced significantly less antidiuresis/kg, in females than males [9].
• Water deprivation for 60 h increased both cortical and medullary [14C]betaine, whereas furosemide diuresis decreased the medullary [14C]betaine concentration [10].

High impact information on Diuresis

• Furthermore, the ANP neurons inhibit AVP release leading to diuresis and decreased ACTH release [11].
• Responsiveness to hydralazine could not be restored by doubling the oral dose or by intravenous administration; tolerance was associated with fluid retention in five patients but was not reversed by intensive diuresis [12].
• The normalization of serum sodium was secondary to osmotic diuresis and to sodium retention induced by urea [13].
• Micropuncture was performed 6-10 hours after the fourth BNZ dose, when diuresis had subsided [14].
• Rat inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD3s) possess a luminal Na+-dependent, active urea secretory transport process, which is upregulated by water diuresis [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Diuresis

• The major toxicity of ethacrynic acid was diuresis, which was observed at every dose level; in addition, severe metabolic abnormalities occurred at 75 mg/m2 [16].
• To evaluate this possible mechanism, rats with phlorhizin diabetes, which produces a glucose osmotic diuresis without hyperglycemia, were studied and compared with rats with alloxan-induced diabetes [17].
• This study presents a case in which a long-term renal transplant recipient receiving cyclosporine therapy concomitantly developed acute renal failure after the administration of high-dose mannitol in an attempt to induce an osmotic diuresis [18].
• Urea-treated groups developed osmotic diuresis (urine flow = about 0.04 ml.min-1 x 100 g body weight-1) comparable to that in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus induced by i.v. streptozotocin (55 mg/kg), however urea-induced osmotic diuresis was not associated with blood glucose level increases [19].
• Studies in congestive heart failure, critical illness, and sepsis also fail to show any benefit of dopamine other than diuresis [20].

Biological context of Diuresis

• Thus, these findings suggest that prostaglandin inhibition in the conscious dog is associated with a natriuresis without a change in urinary volume or potassium excretion during water diuresis [21].
• The diuresis induced by frusemide reduced the left heart filling pressure and cardiac output and transiently raised systemic blood-pressure [22].
• Infusion of RB 105, at 2.5, 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg per hr decreased blood pressure dose-dependently in conscious catheterized spontaneously hypertensive rats and increased diuresis and natriuresis [23].
• These findings suggest that activation of Na/K/Cl cotransport via elevations in cGMP may be associated with ANF-mediated vasorelaxation and/or ANF-mediated diuresis and natriuresis [24].
• In 10 patients studied during free-water diuresis, fenoldopam increased renal plasma flow by 42%, glomerular filtration rate by 6%, and sodium excretion by 202%, while lowering mean arterial pressure by 12% (all p less than .05) [25].

Anatomical context of Diuresis

• To address these concerns, 100 patients were randomized to receive mesna or forced saline diuresis while undergoing bone marrow transplant conditioning with regimens that included high-dose cyclophosphamide [26].
• We concluded that marked elevation of vasopressin results from non-osmotic stimulation and that the mechanisms of body water conservation are overridden by the glycosuric diuresis [27].
• Acute systolic arterial hypertension provokes a rapid decrease in proximal tubule sodium reabsorption and diuresis associated with inhibition of renal cortex Na,K-ATPase activity and redistribution of apical membrane Na/H exchanger (NHE-3) to heavier density membranes containing markers of intermicrovillar cleft and endosomes [28].
• A bolus injection of SF was given together with [14C]inulin into the jugular vein to rats in mannitol diuresis [29].
• A selective infusion of FR190997 into the renal artery induced natriuresis and diuresis in anesthetized rabbits [30].

Associations of Diuresis with chemical compounds

• OPC-31260 increased the hypotonic urine volume dose dependently for the first 4 h, while furosemide induced sodium diuresis for 2 h [31].
• Dopamine infusion in patients with ZGHP also enhanced (P less than 0.05) diuresis and natriuresis in comparison with normal-renin patients [32].
• In order to assess the renal tubular site(s) at which sodium reabsorption is enhanced in chronic sodium-depletion, seven normal dogs, six salt-depleted dogs, and three normal dogs receiving aldosterone were studied during a steady-state water diuresis under Pentothal anesthesia and during progressive hypotonic saline diuresis [33].
• It is concluded that high tubular fluid flow, whether induced by a solute or water diuresis, is the primary mechanism of protection in acute urate nephropathy [34].
• Either meclofenamate (2 mg/kg) or the competitive prostaglandin inhibitor RO 20-5720 (1 mg/kg) was given to seven unanesthetized dogs undergoing a water diuresis [21].

Gene context of Diuresis

• Whether postobstructive diuresis could be related to altered regulation of aquaporin (AQP) water channels in the kidney was investigated [35].
• Pharmacologic inhibition of EP4 receptors in furosemide-treated WT mice with the specific antagonist ONO-AE3-208 mimicked the changes in renin mRNA expression, plasma renin concentration, diuresis, and sodium excretion seen in EP4-/- mice [36].
• ANP causes diuresis and natriuresis, at least in part by inhibiting the V2 receptor-mediated action of AVP in the collecting ducts [37].
• BACKGROUND: In a state of chronic arginine vasopressin (AVP) excess, the action of antidiuresis has been attenuated, resulting in some water diuresis [38].
• We hypothesized that V2-receptor antagonism would yield a diuresis comparable to furosemide but would not adversely affect renal hemodynamics, plasma electrolyte concentration, or neurohumoral activation in stable human CHF [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Diuresis

• The data suggest that urea osmotic diuresis is an important mechanism for determining the striking difference between the postobstructive diuresis observed after relief of bilateral as compared to unilateral ureteral ligation [40].
• Conventional precautions such as hydration and osmotic diuresis cannot prevent a significant decrease of GFR after a single cycle of cisplatin-containing chemotherapy [41].
• 'Low sodium' diuresis and ileal loss in patients with ileostomies: effect of desmopressin [42].
• After ultrafiltration, levels of renin, norepinephrine, and aldosterone fell to below control values within the first 48 hours and water metabolism was equilibrated at a new set point (less fluid intake and diuresis without weight gain) [43].
• The regulation of mRNA for aldose reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and the Na+/Cl-/taurine cotransporter was studied with three in vivo models in which urinary concentration is reduced: Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing a water diuresis or fed a low-protein diet or Brattleboro rats [44].

References