Disease relevance of Pelargonidol chloride

• Escherichia coli cells containing the recombinant plant pathway were able to take up either naringenin or eriodictyol and convert it to the corresponding glycosylated anthocyanin, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside or cyanidin 3-O-glucoside [1].

High impact information on Pelargonidol chloride

• Transformation of RL01 with a vector p35A1, containing the A1-complementary DNA behind the 35S promotor leads to red flowers of the pelargonidin-type [2].
• Petunia does not produce orange flowers because dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) from this species, an enzyme involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, inefficiently reduces dihydrokaempferol, the precursor to orange pelargonidin-type anthocyanins [3].
• The transgenic petunia line 17-R contains one copy of the maize A1 gene which mediates brick-red pelargonidin pigmentation of the flower [4].
• However, at concentrations > or = 50 microM, all anthocyanidins tested (delphinidin, cyanidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, and paeonidin), including those not interfering with topoisomerases, were found to induce DNA strand breaks in the comet assay [5].
• Based on the results, we propose that RsPrx1 and orthologs are targeted to the vacuoles to modify stored anthocyanins like pelargonidin [6].

Biological context of Pelargonidol chloride

• Furthermore, a correlation was found between the methylation status of the 35S RNA promoter and the instability of the floral pelargonidin coloration [7].
• Peonidin and pelargonidin were identified after acid hydrolysis by comparison of the fragmentation patterns and retention times of the released aglycones with those of standard compounds [8].
• The introduction of the maize A1 cDNA under the control of the CaMV 35S RNA promoter leads to the production of pelargonidin derivatives, resulting in a brick red flower phenotype [7].
• A similar increase in methylation, specifically in the transgene region, was also observed among progeny of R101-17del, a deletion derivative of R101-17 that no longer produces pelargonidin pigments due to a deletion in the A1 coding region [9].
• Absorption, tissue distribution and excretion of pelargonidin and its metabolites following oral administration to rats [10].

Associations of Pelargonidol chloride with other chemical compounds

• We show that anthocyanins can function as potent inhibitors of the formation of nitrated tyrosine in vitro, and clarified how pelargonidin (Pel), which has a mono-hydroxyl group on the B-ring, can scavenge peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) by detection of the reaction products [11].
• Similarly potato R, required for the production of red pelargonidin-based pigments, P, required for production of purple delphinidin-based pigments, and I, required for tissue-specific expression in tuber skin, appear to correspond to dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, f3'5'h and an2, respectively [12].
• Pomegranate derived from the tree Punica granatum contains anthocyanins (such as delphinidin, cyanidin and pelargonidin) and hydrolyzable tannins (such as punicalin, pedunculagin, punicalagin, gallagic and ellagic acid esters of glucose) and possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [13].
• Delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and malvidin contents of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), black currant (Ribes nigrum), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa cv. Jonsok), and a Cabernet sauvignon (Vitis vinifera) red wine were determined [14].
• Kalanchoë blossfeldiana varieties with orange, pink, red and magenta flowers were found to contain 3,5-O-beta-D-diglucosides of pelargonidin, cyanidin, peonidin, delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin [15].

Gene context of Pelargonidol chloride

• By spectral and chemical methods, seven of the 10 pigments were determined to be pelargonidin 3-O-[2-O-(2-O-(acyl-I)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)- 6-O-(acyl-II)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-[6-O-(malonyl)-beta-D- glucopyranoside], in which acyl moieties varied between sinapic, ferulic, caffeic and p-coumaric acids [16].
• Similarly, pelargonidin inhibited AGS, HCT-116, NCI H460, MCF-7 and SF-268 cell growth by 64, 63, 62, 63 and 34%, respectively, at 200 microg/mL [17].
• Among the anthocyanins most effective in suppressing the tumor cell growth, cyanin and pelargonidin made a mild rise between the 1st and 2nd peak suggesting block between G1 and S phase [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pelargonidol chloride

• Pel was reacted with ONOO(-), then the reaction mixture was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [11].
• Based on HPLC and LC-MS analyses we demonstrate that pelargonidin is absorbed and present in plasma following oral gavage to rats [10].

References