Disease relevance of Ribes

• To investigate the absorption and metabolism of anthocyanins (ACNs) with different aglycones and sugar moieties, weanling pigs (11.4 +/- 3.8 kg) were fed, in a single meal, a freeze-dried powder of chokeberry, black currant, or elderberry at a single dose of 229, 140, or 228 mumol total ACN/kg body weight (BW), respectively [1].

High impact information on Ribes

• OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate the effect of intake of flavonoid-containing black currant and apple juice on urinary excretion of quercetin and on markers of oxidative status [2].
• Short-term, high intake of black currant and apple juices had a prooxidant effect on plasma proteins and increased glutathione peroxidase activity, whereas lipid oxidation in plasma seemed to decrease [2].
• Over 80% of the ACN compounds containing rutinose or sambubiose, which were excreted in the urine from black currant, elderberry, or Marion blackberry, were excreted as the intact molecule [1].
• For each of the taste stimuli, glucose, NaCl, HCl, QHCl, water, and black currant juice, there was one group of neurons that responded much more to that tastant than to the other tastants [3].
• Delphinidin-3-rutinoside (D3R) is the major anthocyanin component in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) fruits [4].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ribes

• Embelin, extracted from Embelia ribes Burm. berries, altered the testicular histology and glycogen, gametogenic counts and accessory sex gland fructose at the dose levels 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg body weight administered subcutaneously for 35 days [5].

Biological context of Ribes

• One of the most effective preparations, that from the leaves of Ribes nigrum, has IC50 values with respect to cAK, PKC, CDPK and MLCK of 0.009, 0.6, 2.0 and 16 microM, respectively [6].

Anatomical context of Ribes

• Effects of prodelphinidins isolated from Ribes nigrum on chondrocyte metabolism and COX activity [7].
• Black currant juice and sugars increased plasma triglyceride levels and black currant juice increased plasma cholesterol but neither of them nor any other treatment affected blood glucose, erythrocyte HbA1c or fructosamine [8].
• This study examined the effect of four anthocyanins in black currant fruits on the regeneration of rhodopsin using frog rod outer segment (ROS) membranes [9].
• 75 and 150 mg/kg doses of 50% ethanolic extracts of E. ribes increased the intensity of reaction for alkaline phosphatase in both luminal and glandular epithelium, whereas extracts of A. odorantissimus and H. rosa-sinensis could not elicit any significant positive staining in luminal and glandular epithelium for alkaline phosphatase [10].

Associations of Ribes with chemical compounds

• Characterization of gamma-linolenic acid in Ribes seed [11].
• Feeding black currant seed oil resulted in significant increases of dihomogamma-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6) in all liver lipid classes examined, whereas the levels of arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) remained relatively stable [12].
• The difference in the position of double bonds in one linolenic acid residue of triacylglycerols resulted in two series of peaks in the separation of alpine currant (Ribes alpinum) and black currant (R. nigrum) seed oils [13].
• In this report, we show that the non-conjugated octadecatetraenoic acid found in the oil of the seeds from Ribes nigrum is identical to the C18-polyunsaturated fatty acid previously isolated in a number of fish oils and seed oils [14].
• The effect of stearidonic acid (18:4 n-3) present in fish and some plant oils, such as black currant seed oil, was studied on human platelets [15].

Gene context of Ribes

• Proanthocyanidins, from Ribes nigrum leaves, reduce endothelial adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 [16].
• Black currant juice showed highest antioxidant activity in all tests compared to tea, apple juice and tomato juice [17].
• Increased levels of GLA and DHLA were present in the plasma phospholipid fraction of animals fed the black currant seed oil diet, while soy-fed animals had only trace amounts of GLA [18].
• Hepatic quinone reductase activity, on the other hand, was significantly increased by grapefruit juice, apple juice, and black currant juice [19].
• Four anthocyanin components of black currant, delphinidin 3-O-beta-rutinoside (D3R), cyanidin 3-O-beta-rutinoside (C3R), delphinidin 3-O-beta-glucoside (D3G), and cyanidin 3-O-beta-glucoside (C3G), were successfully isolated as crystalline forms on a preparative scale [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ribes

• In addition, the ratio of DHLA to arachidonate was higher in animals receiving the black currant seed oil total parenteral nutrition (TPN) [18].
• D3R, C3R, D3G, and C3G were isolated from enzymatic hydrolysates of black currant anthocyanins through Amberlite XAD-7HP absorption followed by preparative HPLC separation, and their crystals were obtained as the flavylium chloride [20].
• The combination of some plant products i.e. Embelia ribes, Borax and Piper longum has been found to be safe and effective as a female contraceptive and the results of phase-I clinical trials are encouraging [21].

References