Disease relevance of Petunia

• Crude extracts of Escherichia coli, expressing recombinant ANSs from these plant species, and purified recombinant enzymes of petunia and maize catalyzed the formation of anthocyanidin in the presence of ferrous ion, 2-oxoglutarate, and ascorbate [1].
• In contrast to the ipt gene from Agrobacterium, which primarily increases zeatin levels, Sho expression in petunia and tobacco especially enhances the levels of certain N6-(delta2-isopentenyl) adenosine (2iP) derivatives [2].
• A NADH dehydrogenase subunit gene is co-transcribed with the abnormal Petunia mitochondrial gene associated with cytoplasmic male sterility [3].
• Additionally, we compared construct sencoding different leader peptides (plant codon optimised murine immunoglobulin heavy and light chain leader peptides from mAb24) and carrying alternative 5' untranslated regions (the petunia chalcone synthase gene 5' UTR and the tobacco mosaic virus omega sequence) [4].

High impact information on Petunia

• Here we show that inhibition of synthesis of S3 and S2 proteins in Petunia inflata plants of S2S3 genotype by the antisense S3 gene resulted in failure of the transgenic plants to reject S3 and S2 pollen [5].
• Restriction-fragment length polymorphism mapping and complementation of mutant petunia lines showed that the flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase genes correspond to the genetic loci Hf1 and Hf2 [6].
• This is due to the substrate specificity of the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase of petunia, which cannot reduce dihydrokaempferol [7].
• In petunia cyanidin- and delphinidin-derivatives, but no pelargonidin-derivatives are produced as pigments [7].
• The sequence of wild-type HM1 shares homology with dihydroflavonol-4-reductase genes from maize, petunia, and snap-dragon [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Petunia

• The glycine to alanine substitution corresponding to Escherichia coli EPSPS G96A increases the Ki(app) (glyphosate) of petunia EPSPS 5000-fold while increasing the Km(app)(phosphoenolpyruvate) about 40-fold [9].

Biological context of Petunia

• By performing the polymerase chain reaction on Petunia cDNAs, we have shown that transcripts from these five exons are joined via a series of cis- and trans-splicing events to create a mature nad1 transcript [10].
• Evidence for cytosine methylation of non-symmetrical sequences in transgenic Petunia hybrida [11].
• The Decreased apical dominance1/Petunia hybrida CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE8 gene affects branch production and plays a role in leaf senescence, root growth, and flower development [12].
• We have previously cloned a gene for a zinc finger protein (EPF1) that is expressed specifically in petals and interacts with the promoter region of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene in petunia [13].
• From the two petunia AG homologs pMADS3 and Floral Binding Protein gene 6 (FBP6), only pMADS3 was able to induce homeotic transformations of sepals and petals [14].

Anatomical context of Petunia

• The Petunia hybrida genes ANTHOCYANIN1 (AN1) and AN2 encode transcription factors with a basic-helix-loop-helix (BHLH) and a MYB domain, respectively, that are required for anthocyanin synthesis and acidification of the vacuole in petal cells [15].
• The rps12 gene transcripts encoding mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12 are partially edited in petunia mitochondria [16].
• Transcription of this gene is initiated at multiple sites in petunia leaves and in a glyphosate-tolerant petunia cell line overproducing EPSP synthase mRNA [17].
• Cell cycle regulation by plant growth regulators: involvement of auxin and cytokinin in the re-entry of Petunia protoplasts into the cell cycle [18].
• Penetration into petunia protoplasts and cultured cells was found to be non-saturable, occurred at room temperature and at 4 degrees C and was not inhibited by Nocodazole [19].

Associations of Petunia with chemical compounds

• Here we report on the isolation of complementary DNA clones of two different flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase genes that are expressed in petunia flowers [6].
• The petunia mutant RL01, which accumulates dihydrokaempferol, shows no flower pigmentation [7].
• FLOOZY of petunia is a flavin mono-oxygenase-like protein required for the specification of leaf and flower architecture [20].
• In this paper we report the isolation of cDNA clones encoding the flavonoid-biosynthetic enzyme chalcone flavanone isomerase (CHI) from Petunia hybrida [21].
• In Petunia, the expression of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene (EPSPS) is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated [22].

Gene context of Petunia

• The MADS box gene FBP2 is required for SEPALLATA function in petunia [23].
• RdRP homologs from petunia, Arabidopsis, tobacco, and wheat were identified by using polymerase chain reaction [24].
• F5H shows 34% amino acid sequence identity with the avocado ripening-induced P450 CYP71A1 and 32% identity with the flavonoid-3',5'-hydroxylases of Petunia hybrida [25].
• The protein sequence deduced from the A. thaliana CHS DNA sequence is at least 85% homologous to the CHS sequences from P. hortense, Antirrhinum majus, and Petunia hybrida [26].
• EST 153O10T7 was used to isolate a genomic clone encoding a protein with 59 to 61% sequence identity to petunia (Petunia hybrida) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) FLS [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Petunia

• Site-directed mutagenesis of Petunia hybrida 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase: Lys-23 is essential for substrate binding [28].
• To study the molecular regulation of nectary development, we cloned NEC1, a gene predominantly expressed in the nectaries of Petunia hybrida, by using the differential display RT-PCR technique [29].
• Gel-shift analysis showed that the AZFs and STZ bind to A(G/C)T repeats within an EP2 sequence, known as a target sequence of some petunia (Petunia hybrida) ZPT2 proteins [30].
• Two flavonoid glucosyltransferases from Petunia hybrida: molecular cloning, biochemical properties and developmentally regulated expression [31].

References