Disease relevance of Biotinamide

• Children with juvenile-onset multiple carboxylase deficiency lack biotinidase activity (biotinamide amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.12) in the liver and other tissues [1].

High impact information on Biotinamide

• A subset of each type of CVLM neurone was identified as GABAergic by individually filling the recorded neurone with biotinamide and observing expression of GAD67 mRNA by in situ hybridization (n = 10) [2].
• Of biotinamide-filled varicose axons, 3.6 +/- 1.3% were immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and 16.0 +/- 4.8% for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) [3].
• The presence of markers for parasympathetic, sympathetic, and glutamatergic or peptidergic sensory innervation was investigated by using in vitro tracing with biotinamide, combined with immunohistochemistry, to characterise quantitatively extrinsic axons to myenteric ganglia of the guinea pig rectum [3].
• In seven barbiturate-anesthetized rats, 16 vasomotor presympathetic neurons were filled with biotinamide and analyzed for the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and/or DNPI/VGLUT2 mRNA [4].
• After incubation, assessment of biotinamide bond hydrolysis by biotinidase was readily achieved by measuring the percentage of radioactivity that did not bind with avidin [5].

Biological context of Biotinamide

• The data obtained also indicate that placing a hydroxymethylene, carboxylate, or acetate alpha to the biotinamide bond is effective in blocking the biotinamide hydrolysis reaction [5].

Anatomical context of Biotinamide

• A smaller portion of biotinamide-labeled dendrites (16%) from both types of cells were contacted by MOR1-containing axons or axon terminals [6].
• Two days later, 1-5 jaw-muscle spindle afferent axons located in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus were physiologically identified and intracellularly stained with biotinamide [7].
• For a positive control, 12 GABAergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata also were recorded and filled with biotinamide in vivo [8].
• Some biotinamide-filled fibres were CGRP immunoreactive, and are likely to originate from spinal sensory neurons [9].
• Biotinamide-filled axon collaterals and terminals were readily visible in the trigeminal motor nucleus, the trigeminal sensory nuclei, and adjacent reticular formation [10].

Associations of Biotinamide with other chemical compounds

• The hydrochloride salt of a new, small molecular weight (M.W. = 286) biotin-containing compound referred to as biotinamide (N-(2-aminoethyl)biotinamide) was compared with biocytin (M.W. = 372) for its use in intracellular labeling of neurons and in neuronal tracing experiments using avidin conjugates for histochemical detection [11].

Gene context of Biotinamide

• Biotinamide or BDA staining is then visualized using an ABC-diaminobenzidine-Ni method and finally the tissue is immunocytochemically stained using choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) or parvalbumin antibodies and a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method [12].
• By using the juxtacellular method, we labeled these cells with biotinamide and determined whether the recorded neurons were TH-IR and contained NPY mRNA [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Biotinamide

• The morphological and physiological characteristics of myenteric neurons in the guinea pig distal colon were determined using Lucifer yellow- or N-(2-aminoethyl) biotinamide-containing microelectrodes and intracellular recording and staining methods [14].
• Biotinamide, dissolved in an artificial intracellular solution, was applied to the cut ends of the mesenteric nerves and the tissue was maintained in organ culture overnight [9].

References