Disease relevance of Biotinyl-L-lysine

• The membrane topology of the a subunit of the F1F0 ATP synthase from Escherichia coli has been probed by surface labeling using 3-(N-maleimidylpropionyl) biocytin [1].
• 5. When the structure of cardiac ganglion cells was determined, by loading the cells with either biocytin or neurobiotin, it was found that most cells lacked extensive dendritic processes [2].
• Hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting and synapse formation after status epilepticus in rats: visualization after retrograde transport of biocytin [3].
• Intracellularly biocytin-labelled neurons in layers II/III of adult rat primary somatosensory cortex were analysed for their morphological and electrophysiological properties and studied for their response pattern to transient hypoxia under in vitro conditions [4].
• Biocytin had high activity for Bacillus subtilis (natto), Debaryomyces japonicus and Hansenula capsulata [5].

Psychiatry related information on Biotinyl-L-lysine

• Small deposits of anterograde tracers (horseradish peroxidase, [3H]leucine, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, or biocytin) were made at physiologically defined sites in the central nucleus representing major components of the bat's echolocation signal [6].

High impact information on Biotinyl-L-lysine

• We have now recorded excitatory postsynaptic potentials evoked by single pyramidal cells in hippocampal interneurons and visualized both cells using biocytin injections [7].
• In the rabbit retina, the low molecular weight dyes Lucifer yellow and biocytin passed readily from astrocytes into adjacent astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and Müller cells [8].
• Conventional intracellular microelectrodes and injection of biocytin were used to study the actions of IL-1beta and IL-6 on electrical and synaptic behavior in morphologically identified guinea pig small intestinal submucous neurons [9].
• The corticospinal projection was examined in dysmyelinated, jimpy mice and in unaffected littermates following cortical injections of either wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase or biocytin [10].
• In whole mounts of the myenteric plexus/longitudinal muscle of the distal colon, labeled neurons were identified by their fluorescence and recordings were made using biocytin-filled electrodes [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Biotinyl-L-lysine

• A combination of biocytin back-fills of the cerebral-buccal connectives and immunocytochemistry of the cerebral ganglion demonstrated that of the 13 bilateral pairs of cerebral-buccal interneurons in the cerebral ganglion, a subpopulation of 3 are immunopositive for the peptide myomodulin [12].

Biological context of Biotinyl-L-lysine

• To correlate morphology and electrophysiology, neurons were filled with biocytin and visualized using HRP [13].
• The steady-state kinetics of the recombinant carboxyltransferase are characterized in the reverse direction, in which malonyl-CoA reacts with biocytin to form acetyl-CoA and carboxybiocytin [14].
• In this study cysteine substitution mutagenesis was used to define the cytoplasmic ends of the first three transmembrane spans of subunit a, as judged by accessibility to 3-N-maleimidyl-propionyl biocytin [15].
• The morphogenesis of callosal axons originating in the parietal cortex was studied by anterograde labeling with Phaseolus lectin or biocytin injected in postnatal (P) hamsters aged 7-25 days [16].
• Basket cells were separable from other neurons in the dentate gyrus based on morphology and location, as determined by biocytin staining following recording, and by resting membrane potential, propensity to fire action potentials spontaneously, and miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) characteristics [17].

Anatomical context of Biotinyl-L-lysine

• Limited studies are available regarding the ability of the small intestine to transport biocytin and about the mechanism involved [18].
• To quantify same-cell vs. different-cell MSBs, we filled individual CA1 pyramidal cells with biocytin and serially reconstructed dendrites and dendritic spines of the labeled cells, as well as presynaptic boutons in synaptic contact with labeled and unlabeled (i.e., different-cell) spines [19].
• Relationship between intrinsic connections and functional architecture revealed by optical imaging and in vivo targeted biocytin injections in primate striate cortex [20].
• The biocytin method has proved useful by showing the dendritic trees of the superior colliculus cells of origin, the pathways taken by the axons (including the presence of collaterals), and the terminal fields both within and outside the GLd [21].
• Intracellular recordings were obtained from dentate interneurons in the intact brain of anesthetized rats, and cells were intracellularly labeled with biocytin [22].

Associations of Biotinyl-L-lysine with other chemical compounds

• Biotinidase recycles the vitamin biotin from biocytin upon the degradation of the biotin-dependent carboxylases [23].
• Interneurons in lateral part of neostriatum were studied in isolated slices from juvenile rats (16-20 d postnatal) by whole-cell, current-clamp recording at 33-34 degrees C, followed by intracellular staining with biocytin and double immunocytochemical or histochemical staining for parvalbumin, ChAT, and NADPH diaphorase [24].
• The bound material, when released by heat denaturation and resolved by thin layer chromatography, yielded three cinnamaldehyde-positive components, of which the major detectable one migrates with authentic biocytin and reconstitutes dFBS [25].
• Triton-soluble proteins of control and capacitating human spermatozoa were labeled with 3-(N-maleimidylpropionyl) biocytin, separated by 2D gel electrophoresis, and probed with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin [26].
• In this study, the surface exposure of subunit a in the periplasm has been examined using 3-N-maleimidyl-propionyl biocytin labeling in cells permeabilized by polymyxin B nonapeptide, and the helix packing at the periplasmic surface has been probed by metal-chelate mediated proteolysis [27].

Gene context of Biotinyl-L-lysine

• In contrast, quantification of biocytin-filled axons showed that commissural and entorhinal afferents have a reduced number of axon collaterals (21-49%) and decreased densities of axonal varicosities (8-17%) in both trkB (-/-) and trkC (-/-) mice [28].
• There was a 27-fold reduction in biocytin transfer in embryonic Cx40-/- aortic endothelium, a much larger change than in aortas of 6-7-week-old Cx40-/- animals, which showed a 3.5-fold reduction [29].
• With the use of an antibody against the calcium-binding protein, calbindin-D28K, in normal autopsy tissue and the neuronal tracers biocytin or biotinylated dextrans in in vitro slice preparations from tissue removed during surgery for intractable epilepsy, we examined the human hippocampal mossy fiber pathway [30].
• The disruption of MAP2 staining was associated with a significant reduction in overall dendritic length and projection depth of biocytin labeled CA1 neurones [31].
• Biotinidase cleaves biotin from biocytin, thereby recycling the vitamin [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Biotinyl-L-lysine

• We examined perisomatic and dendritic inhibition by recording from CA3 inhibitory and pyramidal cells and injecting biocytin to visualize both cells in light and electron microscopy [33].
• Intracellular recordings were made from 23 spontaneously bursting and 28 slow irregular neurons, all identified as oxytocinergic with biocytin and immunocytochemistry [34].
• Physiological and morphological properties of nonpyramidal cells in layer II/III of frontal cortex of young rats were studied in vitro by whole-cell recording and intracellular staining with biocytin [35].
• More than 1/3 of the total number of synaptically connected neurons were stained by intracellular iontophoresis of biocytin, and all had pyramidal morphology [36].
• Microinjections of biocytin in layer 3 resulted in an asymmetric field (average anisotropy of 1.8; maximum spread--3.7 mm) of labeled axon terminal clusters in layers 1-3, with the longer axis of the label spread oriented orthogonal to the rows of blobs and imaged OD stripes, parallel to the V1/V2 border [37].

References