Disease relevance of Sncg

• Developmental loss and resistance to MPTP toxicity of dopaminergic neurones in substantia nigra pars compacta of gamma-synuclein, alpha-synuclein and double alpha/gamma-synuclein null mutant mice [1].

Psychiatry related information on Sncg

• We conclude that, in mature eyes, synucleins are present predominantly in the retina and optic nerve, and the immunoreactivity of gamma-synuclein changes specifically in the retina of Alzheimer's disease patients [2].

High impact information on Sncg

• Taken together, our data suggest that like alpha-synuclein, gamma-synuclein is dispensable for the development and function of the nervous system [3].
• The effects of gamma-synuclein deficiency on motor and peripheral sensory neurons were studied by various methods in vivo and in vitro [3].
• Homologous recombination in ES cells was employed to generate mice with targeted deletion of the first three exons of the gamma-synuclein gene [3].
• These two types of neurons were selected because they both express high levels of gamma-synuclein from the early stages of mouse embryonic development but later in the development they display different patterns of intracellular compartmentalization of the protein [3].
• Reduced number of dopaminergic neurones was found in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) but not in ventral tegmental area (VTA) of early post-natal and adult gamma-synuclein null mutant mice [1].

Biological context of Sncg

• Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we assigned the persyn gene to the boundary of bands B and C on mouse chromosome 14 [4].
• They show no upregulation of beta-synuclein or gamma-synuclein, excluding a compensatory mechanism [5].
• On late steps of mitosis gamma-synuclein is not found in the centrosomes, and redistributes to the midbody in telophase [6].

Anatomical context of Sncg

• However, neither beta- nor gamma-synuclein has been detected in Lewy bodies, and thus it is unclear whether these isoforms contribute to neurological pathology [7].
• We studied the effect of inactivation of gamma-synuclein gene on mouse midbrain dopaminergic neurones [1].
• Alpha-synucleins and beta-synucleins are present predominantly in the inner plexiform layer, whereas gamma-synuclein is in the nerve fiber layer [2].
• Under stress conditions a translocation of gamma-synuclein from the perinuclear area to the nucleus occurs exhibiting nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. gamma-Synuclein overexpression reduces neurite outgrowth in a greater extent then alpha-synuclein overexpression [6].

Other interactions of Sncg

• Given that UCH-L1 deficiency results in axonal degeneration and spheroid formation, our findings suggest that beta- and gamma-synuclein participate in the pathogenesis of axonal swelling in gad mice [7].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sncg

• In this paper we present data on the localization and properties of gamma-synuclein in several neuronal and nonneuronal cell cultures [6].

References