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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
MeSH Review

Mesencephalon

 
 
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Disease relevance of Mesencephalon

 

Psychiatry related information on Mesencephalon

 

High impact information on Mesencephalon

  • Identification of intrinsic determinants of midbrain dopamine neurons [11].
  • These findings confirm the hypothesis that CFEOM2 results from the abnormal development of nIII/nIV (ref. 7) and emphasize a critical role for ARIX in the development of these midbrain motor nuclei [12].
  • We also show that, consistent with results obtained using other methods, uncaging eng2a (which encodes the transcription factor Engrailed2a) in the head region during early development causes a severe reduction in the size of the eye and enhanced development of the midbrain and the midbrain-hindbrain boundary at the expense of the forebrain [13].
  • Pax5 has an important role in B-cell and midbrain development [14].
  • Analysis of embryos carrying different combinations of these alleles revealed requirements for Fgf8 gene function during gastrulation, as well as cardiac, craniofacial, forebrain, midbrain and cerebellar development [15].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Mesencephalon

 

Biological context of Mesencephalon

 

Anatomical context of Mesencephalon

  • Anterior midbrain crest cells in the homozygous rSey embryos reached the eye rudiments but did not migrate any further to the nasal rudiments, suggesting that the Pax-6 gene is involved in conducting migration of neural crest cells from the anterior midbrain [25].
  • These findings show that the caudal limit of Otx2 expression is sufficient for positioning the isthmic organizer and encoding caudal midbrain fate within the mid/hindbrain domain [23].
  • Midbrain development induced by FGF8 in the chick embryo [26].
  • During embryogenesis, the BSAP gene is transiently expressed in the mesencephalon and spinal cord with a spatial and temporal expression pattern that is distinct from that of other Pax genes in the developing central nervous system (CNS) [27].
  • At clinically relevant doses, selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) increase the extracellular concentration of 5-HT in the midbrain raphé nuclei, thereby activating inhibitory somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors [28].
 

Associations of Mesencephalon with chemical compounds

  • In the midbrain, however, D1 receptors are selectively localized to the terminals of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-containing afferents [29].
  • In ventral midbrain dopamine neurons, activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1) mobilized calcium from caffeine/ryanodine-sensitive stores and increased an apamin-sensitive potassium conductance [30].
  • Nicotine activates and desensitizes midbrain dopamine neurons [31].
  • Midbrain dopamine neurons normally help to shape behaviour by reinforcing biologically rewarding events, but addictive drugs such as cocaine can inappropriately exert a reinforcing influence by acting upon the mesolimbic dopamine system [31].
  • Androgen-sensitive midbrain sites and visual attention in chicks [32].
 

Gene context of Mesencephalon

  • By examining embryonic expression of the mouse engrailed (En) genes, from 8.0 to 9.5 days postcoitum, we demonstrate that Wnt-1 primarily regulates midbrain development [33].
  • In rodents, glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) stimulates an increase in midbrain dopamine levels, protects dopamine neurons from some neurotoxins, and maintains injured dopamine neurons [34].
  • Here we report that expression of En-1 in the developing midbrain of Wnt-1-null embryos is sufficient to rescue early midbrain and anterior hindbrain development [35].
  • The highly related members of the Brn-3 family have similar DNA-binding preferences and overlapping expression patterns in the sensory nervous system, midbrain and hindbrain, suggesting functional redundancy [36].
  • Injection of Six3 RNA into medaka fish embryos causes ectopic Pax6 and Rx2 expression in midbrain and cerebellum, resulting in the formation of ectopic retinal primordia [37].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Mesencephalon

References

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