Disease relevance of Nerve Fibers

• In the pyloric tissues from patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, the enteric nerve fibers in the hypertrophied circular musculature were enlarged and distorted and did not contain diaphorase activity, whereas the activity in the myenteric plexus and the longitudinal musculature was preserved [1].
• The innervation of acini and ducts of eccrine sweat glands by immunoreactive, vasoactive intestinal peptide-containing nerve fibers was sharply reduced in seven patients with cystic fibrosis compared to eight normal subjects [2].
• These observations suggest that insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia cause reversible paranodal swelling, and ultimately poorly reversible axo-glial dysjunction, via the myo-inositol-related (Na,K)-ATPase defect rather than by the osmotic effects of sorbitol accumulation within nerve fibers [3].
• RESULTS: In normal colon, NCAM immunoreactivity was seen in ganglion cells and nerve fibers throughout the gut wall and, more weakly, on the inner border of the circular muscle [4].
• There is a pronounced derangement in cardiovascular function in the cat after a 2- or 3-hour period during which shock is simulated in the small intestine by regional hypotension (BP = 30-35 mm Hg) during activation of vasoconstrictor nerve fibers [5].

Psychiatry related information on Nerve Fibers

• CONCLUSION: Decreased levels of collagen crosslinking in fibromyalgia may contribute to remodeling of the extracellular matrix and collagen deposition around the nerve fibers, and may contribute to the lower pain threshold at the tender points [6].
• In Alzheimer's disease patients, immunohistochemical staining for gamma-synuclein revealed the loss of immunoreactivity in the nerve fiber layer and the nerve fiber layer and the appearance of immunopositive cells in or near the outer nuclear layer [7].
• Neurogenic erectile dysfunction: the course of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase-positive nerve fibers on the surface of the prostate [8].
• METHODS: Using a communication box system, foot shock stress (FS) and psychological stress (PS) were administered to mice and the degranulation rate of dermal mast cells, the number of SP-positive nerve fibers and changes in SP content were determined [9].

High impact information on Nerve Fibers

• In control mice, these nerve fibers did not express GAP-43, and did not sprout spontaneously [10].
• In the pyloric tissues from the control patients, intense diaphorase activity was present in the nerve fibers of the circular musculature, in the neurons and nerve bundles of the myenteric plexus, and in some nerve fibers of the longitudinal musculature [1].
• We conclude that in patients with asthma there is a loss of VIP from the pulmonary nerve fibers that may diminish neurogenically mediated bronchodilation [11].
• The neuropeptide substance P is one possible mediator of this interaction, since it can be released into joint tissues from primary sensory nerve fibers [12].
• Cultured neurons become attached to hydrogel substrates prepared from 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate but grow few nerve fibers unless fibronectin, collagen, or nerve growth factor is incorporated into the hydrogel [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Nerve Fibers

• We observed in five adenocarcinomas that norepinephrine as well as nerve fibers were absent from tumor tissue [14].
• We propose a model where release of GABA in white matter helps to limit nerve fiber injury during anoxia via recruitment of a G-protein/PKC pathway with subsequent phosphorylation of an unknown target protein [15].
• Peripheral neuropathy induced by galactose feeding results in endoneurial edema with increased tissue pressure and ultimate demyelination of nerve fibers [16].
• Most cases have antecedent infection with Campylobacter jejuni and many have antibodies directed toward GM1 ganglioside-like epitopes, but the mechanism of nerve-fiber injury has not been defined [17].
• Meningitis caused a depletion of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P from meningeal nerve fibers, which was prevented by zolmitriptan and naratriptan [18].

Biological context of Nerve Fibers

• Based upon the autoradiographic distribution of 125I-VIP binding sites and the effects on explants, VIP derived from parasympathetic nerve fibers may function in the regulation of serous cell secretion in human nasal mucosa [19].
• Targeted inactivation of the neuropilin-1 gene in mice induced disorganization of the pathway and projection of nerve fibers, suggesting that neuropilin-1 mediates semaphorin-elicited signals and regulates nerve fiber guidance in embryogenesis [20].
• B-50/GAP-43, a neural growth-associated phosphoprotein, is thought to play a role in neuronal plasticity and nerve fiber formation since it is expressed at high levels in developing and regenerating neurons and in growth cones [21].
• Time-dependent effects of experimental diabetes and dietary myo-inositol supplementation on motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were assessed in two populations of motor nerve fibers in the rat hind limb [22].
• Studies of the relationship between sympathetic nerve fiber density and S3C-positive cell density in the tissue of all patients showed that RA patients generally had lower densities of sympathetic nerve fibers and higher densities of S3C-positive cells than OA patients and control subjects [23].

Anatomical context of Nerve Fibers

• Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide present in the nerve fibers of normal lungs, where it acts to relax bronchial smooth muscle [11].
• Evidence for L-glutamate as the neurotransmitter of baroreceptor afferent nerve fibers [24].
• Because CGRP containing sensory nerve fibers are seen in the region of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, it would seem that the release of CGRP from these afferent nerves may be involved in the physiological control of renin secretion [25].
• RESULTS: Nerve fibers, immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase, were frequent in the circular and longitudinal muscle layers and were widespread in the myenteric and submucous plexuses, but none was observed in the mucosa [26].
• The distribution in the bowel wall of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, neuropeptide Y-, and substance P-containing nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers has been described in human sigmoid colon by immunohistochemical examination [27].

Associations of Nerve Fibers with chemical compounds

• Microfluorometric spectra of the plexus show nerve fibers that contain norepinephrine and impinge on satellite cells [28].
• Nerve fiber growth on defined hydrogel substrates [13].
• We speculate that PYY acts by inhibiting acetylcholine release from vagal nerve fibers rather than by inhibiting acetylcholine's action on the parietal cell [29].
• Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment promoted nerve fiber regeneration, which was increased two-fold compared to nontreated diabetic rats [30].
• The afferent limb of this reflex may be constituted by capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibers, whereas the efferent limb seems to involve sympathetic adrenergic neurons [31].

Gene context of Nerve Fibers

• Complete coexistence of vasoactive intestinal peptide and neuropeptide Y in nerve fibers within the muscle layers was demonstrated in the esophagus, but not in gastric and intestinal samples [32].
• The entire VIP nerve fiber population was found to also contain PHI [33].
• A decrease in neuronal nitric oxide synthase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, PACAP, and tyrosine hydroxylase immunopositive nerve fibers was observed in circular muscle layer while substance P immunoreactivity was increased [34].
• Only a few scattered vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers were detected in both arterial regions [35].
• These observations provide direct in vivo evidence for a role of B-50/GAP-43 in nerve fiber formation and in the determination of the morphology of axons [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nerve Fibers

• The regional and topographic distribution of substance P-containing nerve fibers in the human and feline intestinal wall was studied by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay [36].
• Intradermal injection of capsaicin in humans produces degeneration and subsequent reinnervation of epidermal nerve fibers: correlation with sensory function [37].
• Eighteen and 20 days later, respectively, after intracardiac perfusion with glutaraldehyde, single nerve fibers were teased from the cats' left recurrent laryngeal nerves [38].
• In acute and chronic animal experiments, we showed that benzyl alcohol in commercially used concentrations can have a local anesthetic and an irreversible toxic effect on nerve fibers [39].
• Sensory denervation by intracranial transection of the ophthalmic and maxillary nerves fails to eliminate these substance P positive but CGRP negative iris nerve fibers [40].

References